American Express (AXP, Financial)—the largest new purchase in the Fund during 2015—provides charge and credit card products and travel-related services to consumers and businesses worldwide. The company is the number one credit/charge card issuer and merchant acquirer in the United States measured by billed business, and its network is the second largest after Visa. Historically, American Express has generated attractive returns due to its vertical integration and strong value proposition for high-spending customers.
In 2015, American Express’ stock declined 24%(c) due to concerns that the company’s business model is under pressure: Costco U.S. and JetBlue terminated their exclusive relationships with the card company and the Department of Justice questioned American Express’ ability to enforce rules prohibiting merchants from steering customers to other credit cards. As a result, American Express’ valuation relative to the market is at a historically low level (13 times forward estimated earnings(d)). We initiated a position in the company because we believe these near-term concerns have obscured a long-term investment opportunity. The company has an attractive business model that produces high returns on capital by encouraging more affluent and creditworthy customers to use the company’s credit and charge cards. American Express’ highly perceived rewards program, customer service, and strong brand recognition help attract and retain wealthier customers. The company should benefit from a continued industry shift from paper to plastic payments and growth in its third-party issued cards business. We believe American Express will be able to maintain its strong return on equity and improve profitability in the long run. On December 31, American Express was a 1.4% position in the Fund.
From Dodge & Cox Stock Fund annual commentary for 2015.
