Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2024-04-19), the stock price of Swiss Re AG is $26.95. Swiss Re AG's graham number for the quarter that ended in Dec. 2023 was $24.86. Therefore, Swiss Re AG's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 1.08.
The historical rank and industry rank for Swiss Re AG's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
SSREY'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.57 Med: 1.15 Max: 2.8
Current: 1.13
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Swiss Re AG was 2.80. The lowest was 0.57. And the median was 1.15.
SSREY's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 65.66% of 399
companies
in the Insurance industry
Industry Median: 0.86
vs SSREY: 1.13
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Swiss Re AG Graham Number Historical Data
The historical data trend for Swiss Re AG's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
* Premium members only.
Swiss Re AG Annual Data
Trend
Dec14
Dec15
Dec16
Dec17
Dec18
Dec19
Dec20
Dec21
Dec22
Dec23
Graham Number
18.57
-
21.35
8.29
24.86
Swiss Re AG Semi-Annual Data
Jun14
Dec14
Jun15
Dec15
Jun16
Dec16
Jun17
Dec17
Jun18
Dec18
Jun19
Dec19
Jun20
Dec20
Jun21
Dec21
Jun22
Dec22
Jun23
Dec23
Graham Number
21.36
9.93
8.29
15.77
24.86
Competitive Comparison
For the Insurance - Reinsurance subindustry, Swiss Re AG's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Swiss Re AG Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution
For the Insurance industry and Financial Services sector, Swiss Re AG's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Swiss Re AG's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
Swiss Re AG Graham Number Calculation
Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.
Swiss Re AG's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2023 is calculated as
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Swiss Re AG (OTCPK:SSREY) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Swiss Re AG's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2023 )
=
26.95
/
24.86
=
1.08
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Swiss Re AG Graham Number Related Terms
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Swiss Re AG's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Swiss Re is a reinsurer that has three core divisions: property and casualty reinsurance, life and health reinsurance, and corporate solutions. Swiss Re was founded in 1863 when the general manager of Helvetia sought to stem the flow of reinsurance premiums outside Switzerland. Moritz Grossmann argued he could cut the premiums paid to foreign firms, still make a profit, and pay mid-single-digit dividends. Swiss Re is now the second-largest reinsurer in the world by market cap, has 80 offices globally, and employs nearly 15,000 people. While the business did lose its way in the early part of the millennium, led by an ex-investment banker who took the business heavily into securitizations, lately Swiss Re has been focused on establishing quality within its three core divisions.
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