HCA Healthcare Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for HCA Healthcare's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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HCA Healthcare Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.83 |
-3.01 |
-2.69 |
-2.79 |
-2.73 |
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HCA Healthcare Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.79 |
-2.86 |
-2.94 |
-2.84 |
-2.73 |
Competitive Comparison
For the Medical Care Facilities subindustry, HCA Healthcare's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
HCA Healthcare Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Healthcare Providers & Services industry and Healthcare sector, HCA Healthcare's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where HCA Healthcare's Beneish M-Score falls into.
HCA Healthcare Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of HCA Healthcare for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0384 | + | 0.528 * 0.9963 | + | 0.404 * 0.9502 | + | 0.892 * 1.0786 | + | 0.115 * 1.0402 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9875 | + | 4.679 * -0.074825 | - | 0.327 * 0.9775 |
| = | -2.73 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $9,958 Mil.
Revenue was 17303 + 16213 + 15861 + 15591 = $64,968 Mil.
Gross Profit was 14719 + 13796 + 13383 + 13168 = $55,066 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $14,927 Mil.
Total Assets was $56,211 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $29,922 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $3,077 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $29,487 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $12,655 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $39,072 Mil.
Net Income was 1607 + 1079 + 1193 + 1363 = $5,242 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 35 + 21 + -6 + -33 = $17 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 2674 + 2479 + 2475 + 1803 = $9,431 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $8,891 Mil.
Revenue was 15497 + 14971 + 14820 + 14945 = $60,233 Mil.
Gross Profit was 13068 + 12651 + 12519 + 12624 = $50,862 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $13,643 Mil.
Total Assets was $52,438 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $27,640 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $2,969 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $27,685 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $9,902 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $39,466 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (9958 / 64968) | / | (8891 / 60233) |
| = | 0.153275 | / | 0.14761 |
| | = | 1.0384 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (50862 / 60233) | / | (55066 / 64968) |
| = | 0.844421 | / | 0.847587 |
| | = | 0.9963 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (14927 + 29922) / 56211) | / | (1 - (13643 + 27640) / 52438) |
| = | 0.202131 | / | 0.212727 |
| | = | 0.9502 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 64968 | / | 60233 |
| | = | 1.0786 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (2969 / (2969 + 27640)) | / | (3077 / (3077 + 29922)) |
| = | 0.096998 | / | 0.093245 |
| | = | 1.0402 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (29487 / 64968) | / | (27685 / 60233) |
| = | 0.45387 | / | 0.459632 |
| | = | 0.9875 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((39072 + 12655) / 56211) | / | ((39466 + 9902) / 52438) |
| = | 0.920229 | / | 0.941455 |
| | = | 0.9775 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (5242 - 17 | - | 9431) | / | 56211 |
| | = | -0.074825 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
HCA Healthcare has a M-score of -2.73 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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