DHL Group Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for DHL Group's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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DHL Group Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.64 |
-2.92 |
-2.59 |
-2.57 |
-3.04 |
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DHL Group Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.57 |
-2.95 |
-3.10 |
-3.07 |
-3.04 |
Competitive Comparison
For the Integrated Freight & Logistics subindustry, DHL Group's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
DHL Group Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Transportation industry and Industrials sector, DHL Group's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where DHL Group's Beneish M-Score falls into.
DHL Group Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of DHL Group for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9289 | + | 0.528 * 1.0064 | + | 0.404 * 1.0359 | + | 0.892 * 0.888 | + | 0.115 * 0.9808 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1 | + | 4.679 * -0.08249 | - | 0.327 * 0.9815 |
| = | -3.01 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $12,441 Mil.
Revenue was 23280.262 + 20702.241 + 21770.314 + 22396.146 = $88,149 Mil.
Gross Profit was 8352.236 + 2062.967 + 2482.124 + 2495.717 = $15,393 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $20,952 Mil.
Total Assets was $72,862 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $32,670 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $4,827 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $22,161 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $19,195 Mil.
Net Income was 1069.793 + 861.259 + 1059.588 + 975.375 = $3,966 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 2704.471 + 2704.376 + 2003.25 + 2564.24 = $9,976 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $15,083 Mil.
Revenue was 25186.441 + 23800 + 25400.634 + 24882.159 = $99,269 Mil.
Gross Profit was 8449.153 + 2817.822 + 3085.624 + 3092.511 = $17,445 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $23,657 Mil.
Total Assets was $72,538 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $30,390 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $4,392 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $23,585 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $18,367 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (12440.567 / 88148.963) | / | (15082.627 / 99269.234) |
| = | 0.141131 | / | 0.151937 |
| | = | 0.9289 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (17445.11 / 99269.234) | / | (15393.044 / 88148.963) |
| = | 0.175735 | / | 0.174625 |
| | = | 1.0064 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (20952.017 + 32669.575) / 72861.505) | / | (1 - (23656.78 + 30389.831) / 72538.136) |
| = | 0.264061 | / | 0.254921 |
| | = | 1.0359 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 88148.963 | / | 99269.234 |
| | = | 0.888 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (4391.715 / (4391.715 + 30389.831)) | / | (4827.259 / (4827.259 + 32669.575)) |
| = | 0.126266 | / | 0.128738 |
| | = | 0.9808 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 88148.963) | / | (0 / 99269.234) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((19195.202 + 22161.396) / 72861.505) | / | ((18366.525 + 23584.746) / 72538.136) |
| = | 0.567606 | / | 0.578334 |
| | = | 0.9815 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (3966.015 - 0 | - | 9976.337) | / | 72861.505 |
| | = | -0.08249 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
DHL Group has a M-score of -3.01 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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