Thomson Reuters Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Thomson Reuters's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Thomson Reuters Beneish M-Score Chart
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Thomson Reuters Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.38 |
-2.74 |
-1.60 |
-3.82 |
-2.45 |
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Thomson Reuters Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.82 |
-2.57 |
-2.49 |
-2.39 |
-2.45 |
Competitive Comparison of Thomson Reuters's Beneish M-Score
For the Specialty Business Services subindustry, Thomson Reuters's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Thomson Reuters's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Business Services Industry
For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, Thomson Reuters's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Thomson Reuters's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Thomson Reuters Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Thomson Reuters for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0243 | + | 0.528 * 0.8506 | + | 0.404 * 0.9627 | + | 0.892 * 1.0252 | + | 0.115 * 1.0285 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.2775 | + | 4.679 * -0.014665 | - | 0.327 * 0.9012 |
| = | -2.44 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $1,194 Mil.
Revenue was 1815 + 1594 + 1647 + 1738 = $6,794 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1212 + 1053 + 1082 + 1738 = $5,085 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,921 Mil.
Total Assets was $18,684 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $447 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $725 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $173 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3,233 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $3,114 Mil.
Net Income was 678 + 367 + 894 + 756 = $2,695 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 262 + 122 + 244 + 0 = $628 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 705 + 674 + 695 + 267 = $2,341 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $1,137 Mil.
Revenue was 1765 + 1574 + 1614 + 1674 = $6,627 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1138 + 987 + 1013 + 1081 = $4,219 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,811 Mil.
Total Assets was $21,711 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $414 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $724 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $608 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $4,891 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $3,293 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1194 / 6794) | / | (1137 / 6627) |
| = | 0.175743 | / | 0.171571 |
| | = | 1.0243 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (4219 / 6627) | / | (5085 / 6794) |
| = | 0.636638 | / | 0.748455 |
| | = | 0.8506 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2921 + 447) / 18684) | / | (1 - (2811 + 414) / 21711) |
| = | 0.819739 | / | 0.851458 |
| | = | 0.9627 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 6794 | / | 6627 |
| | = | 1.0252 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (724 / (724 + 414)) | / | (725 / (725 + 447)) |
| = | 0.636204 | / | 0.618601 |
| | = | 1.0285 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (173 / 6794) | / | (608 / 6627) |
| = | 0.025464 | / | 0.091746 |
| | = | 0.2775 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((3114 + 3233) / 18684) | / | ((3293 + 4891) / 21711) |
| = | 0.339702 | / | 0.376952 |
| | = | 0.9012 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2695 - 628 | - | 2341) | / | 18684 |
| | = | -0.014665 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Thomson Reuters has a M-score of -2.44 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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