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The zones of discrimination were as such:
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
CRA International has an F-score of 6 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
The historical rank and industry rank for CRA International's Piotroski F-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Piotroski F-Score of CRA International was 9. The lowest was 5. And the median was 7.
The historical data trend for CRA International's Piotroski F-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Consulting Services subindustry, CRA International's Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, CRA International's Piotroski F-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where CRA International's Piotroski F-Score falls into.
How is the Piotroski F-Score calculated?
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Net Income was 8.918 + 9.508 + 8.596 + 11.459 = $38.5 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was -70.051 + 5.072 + 64.952 + 60.099 = $60.1 Mil. Revenue was 152.845 + 161.965 + 147.553 + 161.613 = $624.0 Mil. Gross Profit was 45.008 + 48.632 + 41.659 + 48.926 = $184.2 Mil. Average Total Assets from the begining of this year (Dec22) to the end of this year (Dec23) was (550.917 + 562.056 + 551.058 + 539.045 + 553.211) / 5 = $551.2574 Mil. Total Assets at the begining of this year (Dec22) was $550.9 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $92.3 Mil. Total Current Assets was $265.5 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was $236.1 Mil. |
Net Income was 11.426 + 11.643 + 11.877 + 8.673 = $43.6 Mil. Revenue was 148.382 + 149.102 + 148.441 + 144.976 = $590.9 Mil. Gross Profit was 44.322 + 46.026 + 46.174 + 44.298 = $180.8 Mil. Average Total Assets from the begining of last year (Dec21) to the end of last year (Dec22) was (555.36 + 550.842 + 547.033 + 554.279 + 550.917) / 5 = $551.6862 Mil. Total Assets at the begining of last year (Dec21) was $555.4 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $106.0 Mil. Total Current Assets was $248.9 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was $217.1 Mil. |
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
CRA International's current Net Income (TTM) was 38.5.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
CRA International's current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was 60.1.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 3. Change in Return on Assets
Compare this year's return on assets (1) to last year's return on assets.
Score 1 if it's higher, 0 if it's lower.
ROA (This Year) | = | Net Income | / | Total Assets (Dec22) |
= | 38.481 | / | 550.917 | |
= | 0.069849 |
ROA (Last Year) | = | Net Income | / | Total Assets (Dec21) |
= | 43.619 | / | 555.36 | |
= | 0.07854185 |
CRA International's return on assets of this year was 0.069849. CRA International's return on assets of last year was 0.07854185.
==> Last year is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 4. Quality of Earnings (Accrual)
Compare Cash flow return on assets (2) to return on assets (1)
Score 1 if CFROA > ROA, 0 if CFROA <= ROA.
CRA International's current Net Income (TTM) was 38.5. CRA International's current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was 60.1.
==> 60.1 > 38.5 ==> CFROA > ROA ==> Score 1.
Funding
Question 5. Change in Gearing or Leverage
Compare this year's gearing (long-term debt divided by average total assets) to last year's gearing.
Score 0 if this year's gearing is higher, 1 otherwise.
Gearing (This Year: Dec23) | = | Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation | / | Average Total Assets from Dec22 to Dec23 |
= | 92.28 | / | 551.2574 | |
= | 0.16739911 |
Gearing (Last Year: Dec22) | = | Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation | / | Average Total Assets from Dec21 to Dec22 |
= | 106.008 | / | 551.6862 | |
= | 0.19215271 |
CRA International's gearing of this year was 0.16739911. CRA International's gearing of last year was 0.19215271.
==> This year is lower or equal to last year. ==> Score 1.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Current Ratio (This Year: Dec23) | = | Total Current Assets | / | Total Current Liabilities |
= | 265.476 | / | 236.087 | |
= | 1.12448377 |
Current Ratio (Last Year: Dec22) | = | Total Current Assets | / | Total Current Liabilities |
= | 248.86 | / | 217.125 | |
= | 1.14616005 |
CRA International's current ratio of this year was 1.12448377. CRA International's current ratio of last year was 1.14616005.
==> Last year's current ratio is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
CRA International's number of shares in issue this year was 7.058. CRA International's number of shares in issue last year was 7.292.
==> There is smaller number of shares in issue this year, or the same. ==> Score 1.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
Gross Margin (This Year: TTM) | = | Gross Profit | / | Revenue |
= | 184.225 | / | 623.976 | |
= | 0.29524373 |
Gross Margin (Last Year: TTM) | = | Gross Profit | / | Revenue |
= | 180.82 | / | 590.901 | |
= | 0.30600727 |
CRA International's gross margin of this year was 0.29524373. CRA International's gross margin of last year was 0.30600727.
==> Last year's gross margin is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Asset Turnover (This Year) | = | Revenue | / | Total Assets at the Beginning of This Year (Dec22) |
= | 623.976 | / | 550.917 | |
= | 1.13261344 |
Asset Turnover (Last Year) | = | Revenue | / | Total Assets at the Beginning of Last Year (Dec21) |
= | 590.901 | / | 555.36 | |
= | 1.06399633 |
CRA International's asset turnover of this year was 1.13261344. CRA International's asset turnover of last year was 1.06399633.
==> This year's asset turnover is higher. ==> Score 1.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score | = | Que. 1 | + | Que. 2 | + | Que. 3 | + | Que. 4 | + | Que. 5 | + | Que. 6 | + | Que. 7 | + | Que. 8 | + | Que. 9 |
= | 1 | + | 1 | + | 0 | + | 1 | + | 1 | + | 0 | + | 1 | + | 0 | + | 1 | |
= | 6 |
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
CRA International has an F-score of 6 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
CRA International (NAS:CRAI) Piotroski F-Score Explanation
The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
In 2000, he wrote a research paper called "Value Investing: The Use of Historical Financial Statement Information to Separate Winners from Losers" (pdf).
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of CRA International's Piotroski F-Score provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
Paul A Maleh | officer: EVP, Platform Leader | 200 CLARENDON STREET, T-9, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Chad M Holmes | officer: CFO, EVP and Treasurer | 200 CLARENDON STREET, T-9, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Jonathan D Yellin | officer: EVP and General Counsel | 200 CLARENDON STREET, T-9, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Thomas Aiken Avery | director | 465 LAUREL CHASE COURT, ATLANTA GA 30327 |
Heather Tookes | director | C/O FTAC OLYMPUS ACQUISITION CORP., 2929 ARCH STREET, SUITE 1703, PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 |
Robert W Holthausen | director | 200 CLARENDON STREET, T-9, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Alva Taylor | director | C/O CRA INTERNATIONAL, INC., 200 CLARENDON STREET, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Nancy Hawthorne | director | AVID TECHNOLOGY, INC., 75 NETWORK DRIVE, BURLINGTON MA 01803 |
Christine Rose Detrick | director | 200 CLARENDON STREET, T-9, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Daniel K. Mahoney | officer: CFO, EVP and Treasurer | C/O OLD MUTUAL ASSET MANAGEMENT, 200 CLARENDON STREET, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Richard Douglas Booth | director | 200 CLARENDON STREET, T-9, BOSTON MA 02116 |
William F Concannon | director | 200 PARK AVENUE, 17TH FLOOR, NEW YORK NY 10166 |
Rowland Moriarty | director | 200 CLARENDON ST T33, BOSTON MA 02116 |
Robert A Whitman | director | 4200 TEXAS COMMERCE TOWER WEST, 2200 ROSS AVE, DALLAS TX 75201 |
Douglas C Miller | officer: VP, Chief Accounting Officer | ONE AMERICAN ROW, P.O. BOX 5056, HARTFORD CT 06052 |
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