Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2024-04-16), the stock price of EMC is $25.18. EMC's graham number for the quarter that ended in Jun. 2016 was $6.08. Therefore, EMC's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 4.14.
The historical rank and industry rank for EMC's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
EMC's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Hardware industry.
Industry Median: 1.45 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
EMC Graham Number Historical Data
The historical data trend for EMC's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
* Premium members only.
EMC Annual Data
Trend
Dec06
Dec07
Dec08
Dec09
Dec10
Dec11
Dec12
Dec13
Dec14
Dec15
Graham Number
8.07
9.23
9.50
7.38
4.71
EMC Quarterly Data
Sep11
Dec11
Mar12
Jun12
Sep12
Dec12
Mar13
Jun13
Sep13
Dec13
Mar14
Jun14
Sep14
Dec14
Mar15
Jun15
Sep15
Dec15
Mar16
Jun16
Graham Number
5.26
3.94
4.74
5.35
6.08
Competitive Comparison
For the Computer Hardware subindustry, EMC's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
EMC Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution
For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, EMC's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where EMC's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
EMC Graham Number Calculation
Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.
EMC's Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2015 is calculated as
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
EMC (NYSE:EMC) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
EMC's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Jun. 2016 )
=
25.18
/
6.08
=
4.14
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
EMC Graham Number Related Terms
Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of EMC's Graham Number provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.
EMC Corp is a Massachusetts corporation, incorporated in 1979. The Company together with its subsidiaries supports the businesses and service providers to transform information technology (IT) operations to an as a service model (ITaaS). The Company operates in three segments: EMC Information Infrastructure, Pivotal and VMware Virtual Infrastructure. The Company's information infrastructure provides a foundation for organizations to store, manage, protect, analyze and secure ever-increasing quantities of information, while at the same time improving business agility, lowering cost and increasing competitive advantage. VMware Virtual Infrastructure provides virtualization infrastructure solutions. Pivotal provides application and data infrastructure software, agile development services and data science consulting. The Company offers a comprehensive portfolio of enterprise storage systems and software - including high-end EMC VMAX and mid-tier EMC VNX unified storage and a portfolio of backup products that support enterprise application workloads. The Company's two additional storage families, EMC Isilon and EMC Atmos, are specifically designed to handle vast quantities of unstructured data. EMC supports a broad range of customers, including service providers, around the world - in every industry, in both public and private sectors, and of sizes ranging from the Fortune 500 to small business and individual consumers. The Company markets its products through direct sales and through multiple distribution channels. It has a direct sales presence throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, South Africa and the Asia Pacific region. The Company also has agreements in place with many partners, including value-added resellers and distributors, cloud service providers, systems integrators, outsourcers, Independent Software Vendors ("ISVs"), and Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs"). The Company competes with many companies in the markets it serve, including companies that offer IT products and services and others that offer specific information storage, protection, security, management and intelligence, data analytics or virtualization products or services.
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