Huntington Bancshares Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Huntington Bancshares for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.95 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.967 | + | 0.892 * 0.991 | + | 0.115 * 0.6912 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1253 | + | 4.679 * -0.003587 | - | 0.327 * 1.0448 |
| = | -2.64 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was R$33,446 Mil.
Revenue was 8711.844 + 9269.94 + 8935.662 + 10005.721 = R$36,923 Mil.
Gross Profit was 8711.844 + 9269.94 + 8935.662 + 10005.721 = R$36,923 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R$100,554 Mil.
Total Assets was R$927,865 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R$5,434 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R$3,953 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R$14,645 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R$10 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R$60,728 Mil.
Net Income was 1190.651 + 2701.469 + 2713.218 + 3135.577 = R$9,741 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = R$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 4400.02 + 4933.761 + 3057.831 + 677.118 = R$13,069 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was R$35,527 Mil.
Revenue was 10286.229 + 9973.327 + 8813.284 + 8186.178 = R$37,259 Mil.
Gross Profit was 10286.229 + 9973.327 + 8813.284 + 8186.178 = R$37,259 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R$74,495 Mil.
Total Assets was R$959,415 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R$6,064 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R$2,490 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R$13,133 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R$9,305 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R$50,807 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (33446.035 / 36923.167) | / | (35527.094 / 37259.018) |
| = | 0.905828 | / | 0.953517 |
| | = | 0.95 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (37259.018 / 37259.018) | / | (36923.167 / 36923.167) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (100553.695 + 5433.878) / 927865.326) | / | (1 - (74495.17 + 6063.682) / 959415.132) |
| = | 0.885773 | / | 0.916033 |
| | = | 0.967 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 36923.167 | / | 37259.018 |
| | = | 0.991 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (2489.599 / (2489.599 + 6063.682)) | / | (3952.902 / (3952.902 + 5433.878)) |
| = | 0.291069 | / | 0.421114 |
| | = | 0.6912 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (14644.619 / 36923.167) | / | (13132.521 / 37259.018) |
| = | 0.396624 | / | 0.352466 |
| | = | 1.1253 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((60728.121 + 9.8) / 927865.326) | / | ((50806.944 + 9305.34) / 959415.132) |
| = | 0.06546 | / | 0.062655 |
| | = | 1.0448 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (9740.915 - 0 | - | 13068.73) | / | 927865.326 |
| | = | -0.003587 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Huntington Bancshares has a M-score of -2.64 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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