Nomura Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Nomura Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8557 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9982 | + | 0.892 * 0.9216 | + | 0.115 * 1.0192 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1162 | + | 4.679 * -0.015816 | - | 0.327 * 1.0417 |
| = | -2.79 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was R$62,389 Mil.
Revenue was 12452.196 + 11137.888 + 10898.997 + 9769.415 = R$44,258 Mil.
Gross Profit was 12452.196 + 11137.888 + 10898.997 + 9769.415 = R$44,258 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R$236,357 Mil.
Total Assets was R$1,863,277 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R$15,886 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R$2,125 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R$22,900 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R$182,940 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R$417,969 Mil.
Net Income was 1720.255 + 1176.91 + 801.098 + 287.387 = R$3,986 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = R$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 24789.98 + -15366.14 + 10719.487 + 13312.677 = R$33,456 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was R$79,116 Mil.
Revenue was 14050.337 + 10604.541 + 10193.979 + 13174.571 = R$48,023 Mil.
Gross Profit was 14050.337 + 10604.541 + 10193.979 + 13174.571 = R$48,023 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R$238,897 Mil.
Total Assets was R$1,914,514 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R$17,314 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R$2,366 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R$22,261 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R$191,279 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R$401,418 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (62388.798 / 44258.496) | / | (79115.943 / 48023.428) |
| = | 1.409646 | / | 1.647445 |
| | = | 0.8557 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (48023.428 / 48023.428) | / | (44258.496 / 44258.496) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (236357.11 + 15885.559) / 1863277.233) | / | (1 - (238896.55 + 17314.414) / 1914513.614) |
| = | 0.864624 | / | 0.866174 |
| | = | 0.9982 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 44258.496 | / | 48023.428 |
| | = | 0.9216 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (2366.318 / (2366.318 + 17314.414)) | / | (2124.746 / (2124.746 + 15885.559)) |
| = | 0.120235 | / | 0.117974 |
| | = | 1.0192 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (22899.748 / 44258.496) | / | (22260.595 / 48023.428) |
| = | 0.517409 | / | 0.463536 |
| | = | 1.1162 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((417969.208 + 182940.42) / 1863277.233) | / | ((401417.646 + 191278.947) / 1914513.614) |
| = | 0.322501 | / | 0.309581 |
| | = | 1.0417 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (3985.65 - 0 | - | 33456.004) | / | 1863277.233 |
| | = | -0.015816 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Nomura Holdings has a M-score of -2.79 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
BSP:NMRH34 has been successfully added to your