Merck Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Merck's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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Merck Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
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|
|
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-2.71 |
-2.66 |
-2.24 |
-2.58 |
-2.99 |
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Merck Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
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-2.58 |
-2.54 |
-2.94 |
-2.99 |
-2.99 |
Competitive Comparison
For the Drug Manufacturers - General subindustry, Merck's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Merck Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Drug Manufacturers industry and Healthcare sector, Merck's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Merck's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Merck Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Merck for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0691 | + | 0.528 * 0.9694 | + | 0.404 * 1.0123 | + | 0.892 * 2.2057 | + | 0.115 * 1.0628 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0165 | + | 4.679 * -0.091482 | - | 0.327 * 1.1468 |
| = | -1.82 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ARS3,735,989 Mil.
Revenue was 5281430.005 + 5585902.054 + 3608399.971 + 2861906.917 = ARS17,337,639 Mil.
Gross Profit was 3869198.003 + 4093715.213 + 2642639.979 + 2086325.599 = ARS12,691,879 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ARS11,612,648 Mil.
Total Assets was ARS38,509,675 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ARS8,321,411 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ARS1,115,345 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ARS3,031,975 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ARS9,275,534 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ARS12,159,563 Mil.
Net Income was -442586 + 1660512.796 + -1433999.989 + 557288.563 = ARS341,215 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -33573 + -2799.6 + -37200 + -5136.3 = ARS-78,709 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 88806 + 2700564.224 + 888959.993 + 264519.456 = ARS3,942,850 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ARS1,584,292 Mil.
Revenue was 2318599.436 + 2078553.019 + 1755975.714 + 1707323.041 = ARS7,860,451 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1667949.804 + 1531923.727 + 1248664.427 + 1129661.387 = ARS5,578,199 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ARS5,988,793 Mil.
Total Assets was ARS18,300,673 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ARS3,591,398 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ARS515,923 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ARS1,352,324 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ARS4,063,668 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ARS4,819,099 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3735989.003 / 17337638.947) | / | (1584292.456 / 7860451.21) |
| = | 0.215484 | / | 0.201552 |
| | = | 1.0691 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (5578199.345 / 7860451.21) | / | (12691878.794 / 17337638.947) |
| = | 0.709654 | / | 0.732042 |
| | = | 0.9694 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (11612648.01 + 8321411.007) / 38509675.035) | / | (1 - (5988793.134 + 3591398.201) / 18300673.494) |
| = | 0.482362 | / | 0.476512 |
| | = | 1.0123 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 17337638.947 | / | 7860451.21 |
| | = | 2.2057 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (515923.087 / (515923.087 + 3591398.201)) | / | (1115345.363 / (1115345.363 + 8321411.007)) |
| = | 0.125611 | / | 0.118192 |
| | = | 1.0628 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (3031974.531 / 17337638.947) | / | (1352323.78 / 7860451.21) |
| = | 0.174878 | / | 0.172041 |
| | = | 1.0165 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((12159563.011 + 9275534.008) / 38509675.035) | / | ((4819099.117 + 4063668.238) / 18300673.494) |
| = | 0.556616 | / | 0.485379 |
| | = | 1.1468 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (341215.37 - -78708.9 | - | 3942849.673) | / | 38509675.035 |
| | = | -0.091482 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Merck has a M-score of -1.82 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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