City Office REIT Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for City Office REIT's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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City Office REIT Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
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-2.47 |
-2.74 |
-2.70 |
-2.36 |
-2.48 |
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City Office REIT Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.36 |
-2.48 |
-2.35 |
-2.42 |
-2.48 |
Competitive Comparison
For the REIT - Office subindustry, City Office REIT's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
City Office REIT Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the REITs industry and Real Estate sector, City Office REIT's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where City Office REIT's Beneish M-Score falls into.
City Office REIT Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of City Office REIT for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2125 | + | 0.528 * 1.0255 | + | 0.404 * 0.9918 | + | 0.892 * 0.9923 | + | 0.115 * 1 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0852 | + | 4.679 * -0.039547 | - | 0.327 * 1.001 |
| = | -2.48 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $53.5 Mil.
Revenue was 44.321 + 44.214 + 44.604 + 45.957 = $179.1 Mil.
Gross Profit was 26.934 + 26.57 + 27.358 + 28.237 = $109.1 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $96.8 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,511.4 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0.0 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $63.0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $14.8 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $236.7 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $469.5 Mil.
Net Income was -2.663 + -0.043 + -0.68 + 0.704 = $-2.7 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + -0.134 + 0 = $-0.1 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 9.054 + 20.586 + 13.7 + 13.883 = $57.2 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $44.4 Mil.
Revenue was 44.614 + 45.522 + 45.498 + 44.852 = $180.5 Mil.
Gross Profit was 27.611 + 28.11 + 28.662 + 28.363 = $112.7 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $88.7 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,574.4 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0.0 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $62.5 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $13.8 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $245.4 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $489.6 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (53.454 / 179.096) | / | (44.429 / 180.486) |
| = | 0.298466 | / | 0.246163 |
| | = | 1.2125 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (112.746 / 180.486) | / | (109.099 / 179.096) |
| = | 0.62468 | / | 0.609165 |
| | = | 1.0255 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (96.846 + 0) / 1511.376) | / | (1 - (88.691 + 0) / 1574.439) |
| = | 0.935922 | / | 0.943668 |
| | = | 0.9918 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 179.096 | / | 180.486 |
| | = | 0.9923 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (62.495 / (62.495 + 0)) | / | (62.987 / (62.987 + 0)) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (14.842 / 179.096) | / | (13.783 / 180.486) |
| = | 0.082872 | / | 0.076366 |
| | = | 1.0852 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((469.51 + 236.742) / 1511.376) | / | ((489.599 + 245.4) / 1574.439) |
| = | 0.467291 | / | 0.466832 |
| | = | 1.001 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-2.682 - -0.134 | - | 57.223) | / | 1511.376 |
| | = | -0.039547 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
City Office REIT has a M-score of -2.48 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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