DTFTax-Freeome (DTFTax-Freeome) Beneish M-Score

: 0.00 (As of Today)

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Note: Financial institutions were excluded from the sample in Beneish paper when calculating Beneish M-Score. Thus, the prediction might not fit banks and insurance companies.

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for DTFTax-Freeome's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

During the past 7 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of DTFTax-Freeome was -1.91. The lowest was -3.53. And the median was -2.72.

DTFTax-Freeome Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of DTFTax-Freeome for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

-4.84

0.92 * DSRI

0.528 * GMI

0.404 * AQI

0.892 * SGI

0.115 * DEPI

-4.84

0.92 *

0.528 *

0.404 *

0.892 *

0.115 *

0.172 * SGAI

4.679 * TATA

0.327 * LVGI

0.172 *

4.679 *

0.327 *

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Oct23) TTM:

Last Year (Oct22) TTM:

Total Receivables was $1.15 Mil.
Revenue was $3.58 Mil.
Gross Profit was $3.58 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $1.33 Mil.
Total Assets was $84.27 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0.00 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.00 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0.46 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.05 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $0.00 Mil.
Net Income was $3.08 Mil.
Gross Profit was $0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $43.42 Mil.

Total Receivables was $1.79 Mil.
Revenue was $-22.21 Mil.
Gross Profit was $-22.21 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $26.29 Mil.
Total Assets was $148.85 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0.00 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.00 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0.48 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.07 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $0.00 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI	=	(Receivables_t / Revenue_t)	/	(Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
	=	(1.149 / 3.578)	/	(1.789 / -22.208)
	=	0.321129	/
	=

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI	=	GrossMargin_t-1	/	GrossMargin_t
	=	(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)	/	(GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
	=	(-22.208 / -22.208)	/	(3.578 / 3.578)
	=		/	1
	=

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI	=	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	(1 - (1.331 + 0) / 84.268)	/	(1 - (26.292 + 0) / 148.847)
	=	0.984205	/	0.823362
	=

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI	=	Sales_t	/	Sales_t-1
	=	Revenue_t	/	Revenue_t-1
	=	3.578	/	-22.208
	=

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI	=	(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1))	/	(Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
	=	(0 / (0 + 0))	/	(0 / (0 + 0))
	=		/
	=

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI	=	(SGA_t / Sales_t)	/	(SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
	=	(0.458 / 3.578)	/	(0.481 / -22.208)
	=	0.128004	/
	=

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI	=	((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	((0 + 0.046) / 84.268)	/	((0 + 0.074) / 148.847)
	=	0.000546	/	0.000497
	=

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA	=	(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(3.079 - 0	-	43.421)	/	84.268
	=	-0.478735

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

DTFTax-Freeome Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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DTFTax-Freeome (DTFTax-Freeome) Business Description

Industry

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Comparable Companies

Traded in Other Exchanges

N/A

Address

200 South Wacker Drive, Suite 1900, Chicago, IL, USA, 60606

Website

https://www.dpimc.com

DTFTax-Free Income Inc is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. Its investment objective is to provide current income exempt from regular federal income tax consistent with preservation of capital. The fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in a diversified portfolio of investment-grade tax-exempt obligations.

Executives

Grumhaus David D Jr.	other: Officer of Investment Adviser	200 S. WACKER DRIVE, SUITE 500, CHICAGO IL 60606
Mareile B. Cusack	director	DUFF & PHELPS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO., 200 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE, SUITE 500, CHICAGO IL 60640
Timothy P. Riordan	officer: Vice President	DUFF & PHELPS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO., 200 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE, SUITE 500, CHICAGO IL 60640
Kathleen Hegyi	officer: CCO	C/O DUFF & PHELPS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, 200 SOUTH WACKER DRIVE, CHICAGO IL 60606
Dusty L. Self	officer: Vice President	VIRTUS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC., 301 EAST PINE STREET, SUITE 500, ORLANDO FL 32801
Ronald H. Schwartz	officer: Vice President	VIRTUS INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC., 301 EAST PINE STREET, SUITE 500, ORLANDO FL 32801
Wells Fargo & Company/mn	10 percent owner	420 MONTGOMERY STREET, SAN FRANCISCO CA 94163
Jpmorgan Chase Bank, N.a.	10 percent owner	1111 POLARIS PARKWAY, COLUMBUS OH 43240
George W Karpus	other: See Explanation of Responses
Karpus Management, Inc.	10 percent owner	183 SULLY'S TRAIL, PITTSFORD NY 14534
Lisa Leonard	officer: Vice President	GATEWAY CENTER THREE, 1100 MUBERRY STREET, 4TH FLOOR, NEWARK NJ 07102
Timothy M Heaney	officer: VP & Chief Investment Officer	GATEWAY CENTER THREE, 1100 MUBERRY STREET, 4TH FLOOR, NEWARK NJ 07102
Hoffman Clifford W. Jr.	director	C/O DUFF & PHELPS INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, 200 E. WACKER DR., CHICAGO IL 60606
Wells Fargo Bank N A	10 percent owner	101 NORTH PHILLIPS AVENUE, SIOUX FALLS SD 57104
Wells Fargo Municipal Capital Strategies, Llc	10 percent owner	375 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK NY 10152