Certive Solutions Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Certive Solutions's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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Certive Solutions Annual Data
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Trend |
May14 |
May15 |
May16 |
May17 |
May18 |
May19 |
May20 |
May21 |
May22 |
May23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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1.26 |
-10.12 |
-7.77 |
-12.49 |
-20.41 |
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Certive Solutions Quarterly Data
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Feb19 |
May19 |
Aug19 |
Nov19 |
Feb20 |
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Aug20 |
Nov20 |
Feb21 |
May21 |
Aug21 |
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Feb22 |
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Aug22 |
Nov22 |
Feb23 |
May23 |
Aug23 |
Nov23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-22.80 |
-22.55 |
-20.41 |
-3.31 |
-16.43 |
Competitive Comparison
For the Health Information Services subindustry, Certive Solutions's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Certive Solutions Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Healthcare Providers & Services industry and Healthcare sector, Certive Solutions's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Certive Solutions's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Certive Solutions Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Certive Solutions for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 2.9124 | + | 0.528 * -0.2827 | + | 0.404 * 1.0451 | + | 0.892 * 1.0387 | + | 0.115 * 1 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.6541 | + | 4.679 * -3.220297 | - | 0.327 * 1.5967 |
| = | -16.55 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (0.121 / 1.263) | / | (0.04 / 1.216) |
| = | 0.095804 | / | 0.032895 |
| | = | 2.9124 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (-0.083 / 1.216) | / | (0.305 / 1.263) |
| = | -0.068257 | / | 0.241489 |
| | = | -0.2827 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0.32 + 0) / 0.404) | / | (1 - (0.459 + 0) / 0.573) |
| = | 0.207921 | / | 0.198953 |
| | = | 1.0451 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1.263 | / | 1.216 |
| | = | 1.0387 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (0.063 / (0.063 + 0)) | / | (0.022 / (0.022 + 0)) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1.303 / 1.263) | / | (1.918 / 1.216) |
| = | 1.031671 | / | 1.577303 |
| | = | 0.6541 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1.2 + 10.643) / 0.404) | / | ((0.239 + 10.281) / 0.573) |
| = | 29.314356 | / | 18.359511 |
| | = | 1.5967 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-1.6 - 0.45 | - | -0.749) | / | 0.404 |
| | = | -3.220297 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Certive Solutions has a M-score of -16.55 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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