Promotora de Informaciones Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Promotora de Informaciones's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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Promotora de Informaciones Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec13 |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
|
|
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-3.76 |
-3.35 |
-2.69 |
-3.42 |
-2.94 |
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Promotora de Informaciones Quarterly Data
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Dec18 |
Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
-2.94 |
- |
- |
- |
Competitive Comparison
For the Publishing subindustry, Promotora de Informaciones's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Promotora de Informaciones Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Media - Diversified industry and Communication Services sector, Promotora de Informaciones's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Promotora de Informaciones's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Promotora de Informaciones Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Promotora de Informaciones for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9559 | + | 0.528 * 1.0145 | + | 0.404 * 0.9959 | + | 0.892 * 1.0679 | + | 0.115 * 1.0592 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9501 | + | 4.679 * -0.122277 | - | 0.327 * 0.9814 |
| = | -3.00 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec22) TTM: | Last Year (Dec21) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $308.6 Mil.
Revenue was $880.0 Mil.
Gross Profit was $744.8 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $589.8 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,041.0 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $109.4 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $83.4 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $287.1 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $467.7 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $1,096.2 Mil.
Net Income was $-13.7 Mil.
Gross Profit was $0.0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $113.6 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $302.3 Mil.
Revenue was $824.1 Mil.
Gross Profit was $707.6 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $541.3 Mil.
Total Assets was $992.4 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $123.9 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $104.8 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $283.0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $402.6 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $1,116.5 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (308.573 / 880.047) | / | (302.302 / 824.124) |
| = | 0.350632 | / | 0.366816 |
| | = | 0.9559 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (707.635 / 824.124) | / | (744.835 / 880.047) |
| = | 0.858651 | / | 0.846358 |
| | = | 1.0145 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (589.766 + 109.422) / 1040.967) | / | (1 - (541.312 + 123.93) / 992.41) |
| = | 0.328328 | / | 0.32967 |
| | = | 0.9959 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 880.047 | / | 824.124 |
| | = | 1.0679 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (104.763 / (104.763 + 123.93)) | / | (83.392 / (83.392 + 109.422)) |
| = | 0.458094 | / | 0.4325 |
| | = | 1.0592 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (287.13 / 880.047) | / | (283.019 / 824.124) |
| = | 0.326267 | / | 0.343418 |
| | = | 0.9501 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1096.168 + 467.678) / 1040.967) | / | ((1116.506 + 402.584) / 992.41) |
| = | 1.502301 | / | 1.530708 |
| | = | 0.9814 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-13.717 - 0 | - | 113.569) | / | 1040.967 |
| | = | -0.122277 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Promotora de Informaciones has a M-score of -3.00 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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