Pinnacle Financial Partners Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Pinnacle Financial Partners for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.2651 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9995 | + | 0.892 * 1.0078 | + | 0.115 * 0.984 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.1021 | + | 4.679 * -0.001829 | - | 0.327 * 0.9509 |
| = | -2.24 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $226.18 Mil.
Revenue was 407.877 + 317.395 + 377.183 + 326.347 = $1,428.80 Mil.
Gross Profit was 407.877 + 317.395 + 377.183 + 326.347 = $1,428.80 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $50,701.89 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $295.35 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $91.96 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $646.84 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $2,572.00 Mil.
Net Income was 146.691 + 53.162 + 123.944 + 94.979 = $418.78 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 121.386 + 85.692 + 197.283 + 107.141 = $511.50 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was $177.39 Mil.
Revenue was 349.768 + 352.567 + 358.381 + 356.974 = $1,417.69 Mil.
Gross Profit was 349.768 + 352.567 + 358.381 + 356.974 = $1,417.69 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $47,523.79 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $252.67 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $77.03 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $582.34 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $2,535.32 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (226.178 / 1428.802) | / | (177.39 / 1417.69) |
| = | 0.158299 | / | 0.125126 |
| | = | 1.2651 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1417.69 / 1417.69) | / | (1428.802 / 1428.802) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 295.348) / 50701.888) | / | (1 - (0 + 252.669) / 47523.79) |
| = | 0.994175 | / | 0.994683 |
| | = | 0.9995 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1428.802 | / | 1417.69 |
| | = | 1.0078 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (77.029 / (77.029 + 252.669)) | / | (91.958 / (91.958 + 295.348)) |
| = | 0.233635 | / | 0.23743 |
| | = | 0.984 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (646.835 / 1428.802) | / | (582.336 / 1417.69) |
| = | 0.452711 | / | 0.410764 |
| | = | 1.1021 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((2571.995 + 0) / 50701.888) | / | ((2535.316 + 0) / 47523.79) |
| = | 0.050728 | / | 0.053348 |
| | = | 0.9509 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (418.776 - 0 | - | 511.502) | / | 50701.888 |
| | = | -0.001829 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Pinnacle Financial Partners has a M-score of -2.24 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
PNFPP.PFD has been successfully added to your