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Calfrac Well Services (TSX:CFW) Beneish M-Score : -2.64 (As of Apr. 25, 2024)


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What is Calfrac Well Services Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.64 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Calfrac Well Services's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

TSX:CFW' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -6.61   Med: -2.99   Max: -2.17
Current: -2.64

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Calfrac Well Services was -2.17. The lowest was -6.61. And the median was -2.99.


Calfrac Well Services Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Calfrac Well Services's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Calfrac Well Services Beneish M-Score Chart

Calfrac Well Services Annual Data
Trend Dec14 Dec15 Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -6.29 -5.60 - - -2.64

Calfrac Well Services Quarterly Data
Mar19 Jun19 Sep19 Dec19 Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only - - - - -2.64

Competitive Comparison of Calfrac Well Services's Beneish M-Score

For the Oil & Gas Equipment & Services subindustry, Calfrac Well Services's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Calfrac Well Services's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Oil & Gas Industry

For the Oil & Gas industry and Energy sector, Calfrac Well Services's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Calfrac Well Services's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Calfrac Well Services Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Calfrac Well Services for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.8217+0.528 * 0.717+0.404 * 1.7094+0.892 * 1.2435+0.115 * 1.1502
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.7837+4.679 * -0.101911-0.327 * 0.7653
=-2.64

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec23) TTM:Last Year (Dec22) TTM:
Total Receivables was C$244 Mil.
Revenue was 421.402 + 483.093 + 466.463 + 493.323 = C$1,864 Mil.
Gross Profit was 47.62 + 79.29 + 73.529 + 67.687 = C$268 Mil.
Total Current Assets was C$458 Mil.
Total Assets was C$1,126 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was C$639 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was C$117 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was C$61 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was C$208 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was C$264 Mil.
Net Income was 12.502 + 86.572 + 53.261 + 38.337 = C$191 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -15.536 + 40.854 + -0.559 + -0.949 = C$24 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 121.284 + 101.264 + 18.192 + 40.894 = C$282 Mil.
Total Receivables was C$239 Mil.
Revenue was 447.847 + 438.338 + 318.511 + 294.524 = C$1,499 Mil.
Gross Profit was 59.759 + 72.802 + 18.345 + 3.7 = C$155 Mil.
Total Current Assets was C$414 Mil.
Total Assets was C$996 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was C$566 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was C$122 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was C$62 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was C$204 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was C$343 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(243.981 / 1864.281) / (238.769 / 1499.22)
=0.130871 / 0.159262
=0.8217

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(154.606 / 1499.22) / (268.126 / 1864.281)
=0.103124 / 0.143823
=0.717

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (458.019 + 639.178) / 1126.197) / (1 - (414.37 + 566.383) / 995.753)
=0.02575 / 0.015064
=1.7094

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=1864.281 / 1499.22
=1.2435

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(122.226 / (122.226 + 566.383)) / (116.641 / (116.641 + 639.178))
=0.177497 / 0.154324
=1.1502

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(60.614 / 1864.281) / (62.199 / 1499.22)
=0.032513 / 0.041488
=0.7837

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((264.479 + 208.401) / 1126.197) / ((342.629 + 203.702) / 995.753)
=0.419891 / 0.548661
=0.7653

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(190.672 - 23.81 - 281.634) / 1126.197
=-0.101911

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Calfrac Well Services has a M-score of -2.64 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Calfrac Well Services Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Calfrac Well Services (TSX:CFW) Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
Address
407 - 8th Avenue SW, Suite 500, Calgary, AB, CAN, T2P 1E5
Calfrac Well Services Ltd provides specialized oilfield services, including hydraulic fracturing, coiled tubing, cementing, and other good completion services to the oil and natural gas industries in Canada, the United States, Russia, and Argentina. It generates maximum revenue from the United States.

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