Draegerwerk AG KGaA Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Draegerwerk AG KGaA's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Draegerwerk AG KGaA Beneish M-Score Chart
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Draegerwerk AG KGaA Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.73 |
-2.82 |
-2.90 |
-2.24 |
-2.51 |
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Draegerwerk AG KGaA Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.24 |
-2.12 |
-2.35 |
-2.49 |
-2.51 |
Competitive Comparison of Draegerwerk AG KGaA's Beneish M-Score
For the Medical Devices subindustry, Draegerwerk AG KGaA's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Draegerwerk AG KGaA's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Medical Devices & Instruments Industry
For the Medical Devices & Instruments industry and Healthcare sector, Draegerwerk AG KGaA's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Draegerwerk AG KGaA's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Draegerwerk AG KGaA Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Draegerwerk AG KGaA for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9579 | + | 0.528 * 0.9404 | + | 0.404 * 1.0617 | + | 0.892 * 1.1369 | + | 0.115 * 1 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8828 | + | 4.679 * -0.02551 | - | 0.327 * 0.9371 |
| = | -2.48 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $866 Mil.
Revenue was 1147.892 + 841.518 + 835.6 + 814.91 = $3,640 Mil.
Gross Profit was 477.625 + 370.165 + 359.815 + 366.975 = $1,575 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,041 Mil.
Total Assets was $3,375 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $623 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1,030 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $1,117 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $370 Mil.
Net Income was 70.947 + 18.808 + 11.61 + 18.239 = $120 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 155.83 + 57.743 + -3.35 + -4.531 = $206 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $795 Mil.
Revenue was 1078.609 + 717.445 + 690.183 + 715.295 = $3,202 Mil.
Gross Profit was 442.398 + 291.586 + 266.263 + 302.176 = $1,302 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,015 Mil.
Total Assets was $3,291 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $623 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1,027 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $1,291 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $257 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (866.028 / 3639.92) | / | (795.231 / 3201.532) |
| = | 0.237925 | / | 0.248391 |
| | = | 0.9579 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1302.423 / 3201.532) | / | (1574.58 / 3639.92) |
| = | 0.406812 | / | 0.432586 |
| | = | 0.9404 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2041.169 + 622.985) / 3374.644) | / | (1 - (2015.497 + 622.769) / 3290.864) |
| = | 0.210538 | / | 0.198306 |
| | = | 1.0617 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 3639.92 | / | 3201.532 |
| | = | 1.1369 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (0 / (0 + 622.769)) | / | (0 / (0 + 622.985)) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1030.44 / 3639.92) | / | (1026.703 / 3201.532) |
| = | 0.283094 | / | 0.320691 |
| | = | 0.8828 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((370.318 + 1116.798) / 3374.644) | / | ((256.75 + 1290.805) / 3290.864) |
| = | 0.440673 | / | 0.470258 |
| | = | 0.9371 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (119.604 - 0 | - | 205.692) | / | 3374.644 |
| | = | -0.02551 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Draegerwerk AG KGaA has a M-score of -2.48 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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