DST Systems Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for DST Systems's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
DST Systems Beneish M-Score Chart
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DST Systems Annual Data
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DST Systems Quarterly Data
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Competitive Comparison of DST Systems's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Infrastructure subindustry, DST Systems's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
DST Systems's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, DST Systems's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where DST Systems's Beneish M-Score falls into.
DST Systems Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of DST Systems for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0311 | + | 0.528 * 1.1839 | + | 0.404 * 1.0317 | + | 0.892 * 1.4249 | + | 0.115 * 1.0803 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1 | + | 4.679 * 0.008883 | - | 0.327 * 1.0229 |
| = | -1.92 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec17) TTM: | Last Year (Dec16) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $411 Mil.
Revenue was $2,218 Mil.
Gross Profit was $413 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $1,038 Mil.
Total Assets was $2,938 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $350 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $128 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $971 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $537 Mil.
Net Income was $452 Mil.
Gross Profit was $274 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $152 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $280 Mil.
Revenue was $1,557 Mil.
Gross Profit was $343 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $1,118 Mil.
Total Assets was $2,772 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $236 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $96 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $1,091 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $300 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (410.8 / 2218.2) | / | (279.6 / 1556.7) |
| = | 0.185195 | / | 0.179611 |
| | = | 1.0311 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (343.3 / 1556.7) | / | (413.2 / 2218.2) |
| = | 0.220531 | / | 0.186277 |
| | = | 1.1839 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (1037.7 + 349.8) / 2938.2) | / | (1 - (1118.2 + 235.7) / 2771.8) |
| = | 0.527772 | / | 0.511545 |
| | = | 1.0317 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 2218.2 | / | 1556.7 |
| | = | 1.4249 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (96 / (96 + 235.7)) | / | (128 / (128 + 349.8)) |
| = | 0.289418 | / | 0.267895 |
| | = | 1.0803 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 2218.2) | / | (0 / 1556.7) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((537.1 + 971.3) / 2938.2) | / | ((299.7 + 1091.4) / 2771.8) |
| = | 0.513376 | / | 0.501876 |
| | = | 1.0229 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (451.5 - 273.5 | - | 151.9) | / | 2938.2 |
| | = | 0.008883 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
DST Systems has a M-score of -1.92 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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