LegalZoom.com Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for LegalZoom.com's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
LegalZoom.com Beneish M-Score Chart
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LegalZoom.com Annual Data
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Dec10 |
Dec11 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
-1.51 |
-3.75 |
-3.65 |
-3.76 |
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LegalZoom.com Quarterly Data
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Dec11 |
Mar12 |
Jun12 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
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Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.65 |
-3.47 |
-3.82 |
-3.63 |
-3.76 |
Competitive Comparison of LegalZoom.com's Beneish M-Score
For the Specialty Business Services subindustry, LegalZoom.com's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
LegalZoom.com's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Business Services Industry
For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, LegalZoom.com's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where LegalZoom.com's Beneish M-Score falls into.
LegalZoom.com Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of LegalZoom.com for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.7926 | + | 0.528 * 1.0339 | + | 0.404 * 0.8605 | + | 0.892 * 1.0657 | + | 0.115 * 1.0931 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.7834 | + | 4.679 * -0.250048 | - | 0.327 * 0.95 |
| = | -3.76 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (11.773 / 660.727) | / | (13.937 / 619.979) |
| = | 0.017818 | / | 0.02248 |
| | = | 0.7926 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (408.884 / 619.979) | / | (421.464 / 660.727) |
| = | 0.659513 | / | 0.637879 |
| | = | 1.0339 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (275.338 + 56.75) / 447.818) | / | (1 - (241.68 + 41.971) / 405.395) |
| = | 0.258431 | / | 0.30031 |
| | = | 0.8605 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 660.727 | / | 619.979 |
| | = | 1.0657 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (23.794 / (23.794 + 41.971)) | / | (28.075 / (28.075 + 56.75)) |
| = | 0.361803 | / | 0.330976 |
| | = | 1.0931 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (317.224 / 660.727) | / | (379.941 / 619.979) |
| = | 0.480114 | / | 0.612829 |
| | = | 0.7834 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((6.966 + 263.963) / 447.818) | / | ((8.958 + 249.202) / 405.395) |
| = | 0.604998 | / | 0.636811 |
| | = | 0.95 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (13.953 - 1.621 | - | 124.308) | / | 447.818 |
| | = | -0.250048 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
LegalZoom.com has a M-score of -3.76 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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