Hilong Holding Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Hilong Holding's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Hilong Holding Beneish M-Score Chart
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Hilong Holding Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec13 |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.66 |
-2.55 |
-2.77 |
-2.79 |
-2.60 |
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Hilong Holding Semi-Annual Data
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Dec13 |
Jun14 |
Dec14 |
Jun15 |
Dec15 |
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Dec16 |
Jun17 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
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Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.79 |
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-2.60 |
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Competitive Comparison of Hilong Holding's Beneish M-Score
For the Oil & Gas Equipment & Services subindustry, Hilong Holding's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Hilong Holding's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Oil & Gas Industry
For the Oil & Gas industry and Energy sector, Hilong Holding's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Hilong Holding's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Hilong Holding Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Hilong Holding for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8585 | + | 0.528 * 1.0784 | + | 0.404 * 1.0657 | + | 0.892 * 1.1681 | + | 0.115 * 1.0998 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8469 | + | 4.679 * -0.053221 | - | 0.327 * 0.9983 |
| = | -2.60 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec22) TTM: | Last Year (Dec21) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$2,204 Mil.
Revenue was HK$4,172 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,191 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$5,152 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$8,712 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$2,887 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$306 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$649 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,996 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$2,860 Mil.
Net Income was HK$157 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$621 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$2,197 Mil.
Revenue was HK$3,572 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,100 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$5,053 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$8,659 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$2,979 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$351 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$656 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,842 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$2,993 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (2203.57 / 4172.133) | / | (2197.439 / 3571.676) |
| = | 0.528164 | / | 0.61524 |
| | = | 0.8585 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1099.962 / 3571.676) | / | (1191.444 / 4172.133) |
| = | 0.307968 | / | 0.285572 |
| | = | 1.0784 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (5151.953 + 2886.797) / 8711.522) | / | (1 - (5052.773 + 2978.942) / 8659.196) |
| = | 0.077228 | / | 0.072464 |
| | = | 1.0657 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 4172.133 | / | 3571.676 |
| | = | 1.1681 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (351.28 / (351.28 + 2978.942)) | / | (306.25 / (306.25 + 2886.797)) |
| = | 0.105482 | / | 0.095912 |
| | = | 1.0998 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (648.598 / 4172.133) | / | (655.628 / 3571.676) |
| = | 0.15546 | / | 0.183563 |
| | = | 0.8469 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((2859.664 + 1995.682) / 8711.522) | / | ((2992.799 + 1841.746) / 8659.196) |
| = | 0.557348 | / | 0.558313 |
| | = | 0.9983 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (157.43 - 0 | - | 621.064) | / | 8711.522 |
| | = | -0.053221 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Hilong Holding has a M-score of -2.60 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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