Volcano Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Volcano's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Volcano Beneish M-Score Chart
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Volcano Annual Data
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.94 |
-2.52 |
-2.28 |
-2.60 |
-2.64 |
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Volcano Quarterly Data
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.19 |
-2.64 |
-2.83 |
-2.32 |
-2.40 |
Competitive Comparison of Volcano's Beneish M-Score
For the Medical Devices subindustry, Volcano's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Volcano's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Medical Devices & Instruments Industry
For the Medical Devices & Instruments industry and Healthcare sector, Volcano's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Volcano's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Volcano Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Volcano for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0841 | + | 0.528 * 1.0497 | + | 0.404 * 1.7665 | + | 0.892 * 0.9878 | + | 0.115 * 0.8699 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0658 | + | 4.679 * -0.043533 | - | 0.327 * 1.119 |
| = | -2.35 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (61.114 / 294.893) | / | (57.07 / 298.545) |
| = | 0.207241 | / | 0.19116 |
| | = | 1.0841 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (194.63 / 298.545) | / | (183.139 / 294.893) |
| = | 0.651929 | / | 0.621035 |
| | = | 1.0497 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (281.25 + 94.732) / 671.283) | / | (1 - (431.378 + 89.734) / 693.92) |
| = | 0.439905 | / | 0.249032 |
| | = | 1.7665 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 294.893 | / | 298.545 |
| | = | 0.9878 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (18.793 / (18.793 + 89.734)) | / | (23.546 / (23.546 + 94.732)) |
| = | 0.173164 | / | 0.199073 |
| | = | 0.8699 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (144.642 / 294.893) | / | (137.388 / 298.545) |
| = | 0.49049 | / | 0.460192 |
| | = | 1.0658 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((304.227 + 79.02) / 671.283) | / | ((297.287 + 56.751) / 693.92) |
| = | 0.570917 | / | 0.5102 |
| | = | 1.119 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-28.84 - 1.354 | - | -0.971) | / | 671.283 |
| | = | -0.043533 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Volcano has a M-score of -2.35 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Volcano (FRA:VQY) Business Description
Traded in Other Exchanges
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Address
Volcano Corp incorporated in the state of Delaware in January 2000. The Company completed its initial public offering on June 15, 2006. The Company designs, develops, manufactures and commercializes a broad suite of precision guided therapy tools including intravascular ultrasound, or IVUS, and fractional flow reserve, or FFR, products. The IVUS products include single-procedure disposable phased array and rotational IVUS imaging catheters, and additional functionality options such as ChromaFlo stent apposition analysis. FFR offerings can be accessed through its multi-modality platforms, and it also provide FFR-only consoles. Its products include: IVUS Products, Catheters, its single-use disposable catheters operate and interface solely with its family of consoles. Catheters, its single-use disposable catheters operate and interface solely with its family of consoles. ChromaFlo stent apposition analysis technology uses sequential IVUS frames to differentiate circulating blood from stationary or anchored tissue. SyncVision, Sync-Rx Ltd, or Sync-Rx, an Israel-based company that develops advanced software applications designed to optimize and facilitate trans-catheter cardiovascular interventions using automated online image processing. FFR products consist of pressure and flow consoles and single-procedure disposable pressure and flow guide wires. The Company's primary imaging competitors globally are Boston Scientific, Inc., or Boston Scientific, with its IVUS offering and St. Jude Medical, Inc., or St. Jude with its OCT offering. In Japan, it also competes with Terumo Corporation, which offers both IVUS and OCT. In the FFR market, its primary competitor is St. Jude. Because of the size of the vascular market opportunities, competitors and potential competitors have dedicated and will continue to dedicate significant resources to aggressively promote their products. It has registered and common law trademarks in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world including, but not limited to, Aim, Axsun, Bi-Trieval, Centriq, ChromaFlo, ComboMap, ComboWire, Core, Crux, Crux Biomedical, Define, Eagle Eye, ETNA, FACT, FloMap, FloWire, Ginko, GlyDx, Hi-Q, iFR, In-Line Digital, Instant Wave-Free Ratio, Intentio, Octave, pcFM, Precision Guided Therapy, PreView, PrimeWire, PrimeWire Prestige, ReFlow, Revolution, SlyDx, s5i, SmartMap, SpinVision, Sync-Rx, Trak Back, Valet, Verrata, VH, VIBE, Virtual Histology, Visions, Volcano, Wavewire, Xtract and Zuum. The Company's medical device products are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the FDA, as well as other federal and state regulatory bodies in the U.S. and comparable authorities in other countries.
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