GURUFOCUS.COM » STOCK LIST » Technology » Software » Bakkt Holdings Inc (NYSE:BKKT) » Definitions » Beneish M-Score

Bakkt Holdings (Bakkt Holdings) Beneish M-Score : 13.81 (As of May. 16, 2024)


View and export this data going back to 2021. Start your Free Trial

What is Bakkt Holdings Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Warning Sign:

Beneish M-Score 13.81 higher than -1.78, which implies that the company might have manipulated its financial results.

The historical rank and industry rank for Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

BKKT' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 9.63   Med: 11.72   Max: 13.81
Current: 13.81

During the past 4 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Bakkt Holdings was 13.81. The lowest was 9.63. And the median was 11.72.


Bakkt Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Bakkt Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart

Bakkt Holdings Annual Data
Trend Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23
Beneish M-Score
- - 9.63 13.81

Bakkt Holdings Quarterly Data
Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only 9.63 11.20 10.30 11.12 13.81

Competitive Comparison of Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score

For the Software - Infrastructure subindustry, Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry

For the Software industry and Technology sector, Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Bakkt Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Bakkt Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.0837+0.528 * 12.3748+0.404 * 0.382+0.892 * 14.0049+0.115 * 0.7154
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.0586+4.679 * 0.090323-0.327 * 3.3666
=13.81

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Dec23) TTM:Last Year (Dec22) TTM:
Total Receivables was $29.7 Mil.
Revenue was 214.514 + 204.774 + 347.629 + 12.986 = $779.9 Mil.
Gross Profit was 17.604 + 15.346 + 15.819 + 12.986 = $61.8 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $882.6 Mil.
Total Assets was $966.9 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $11.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $13.9 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $166.6 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $802.1 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $23.5 Mil.
Net Income was -26.699 + -17.331 + -16.848 + -13.976 = $-74.9 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -55.758 + -22.477 + -17.208 + -6.044 = $-101.5 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was -6.806 + 24.595 + -31.245 + -47.241 = $-60.7 Mil.
Total Receivables was $25.3 Mil.
Revenue was 15.908 + 13.213 + 14.035 + 12.532 = $55.7 Mil.
Gross Profit was 15.603 + 12.86 + 13.572 + 12.532 = $54.6 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $326.5 Mil.
Total Assets was $455.5 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $39.4 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $25.4 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $203.0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $92.1 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $23.4 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(29.664 / 779.903) / (25.306 / 55.688)
=0.038035 / 0.454425
=0.0837

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(54.567 / 55.688) / (61.755 / 779.903)
=0.97987 / 0.079183
=12.3748

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (882.644 + 11.516) / 966.867) / (1 - (326.465 + 39.376) / 455.502)
=0.075199 / 0.19684
=0.382

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=779.903 / 55.688
=14.0049

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(25.35 / (25.35 + 39.376)) / (13.932 / (13.932 + 11.516))
=0.391651 / 0.547469
=0.7154

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(166.646 / 779.903) / (203.027 / 55.688)
=0.213675 / 3.645794
=0.0586

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((23.525 + 802.074) / 966.867) / ((23.402 + 92.129) / 455.502)
=0.853891 / 0.253634
=3.3666

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(-74.854 - -101.487 - -60.697) / 966.867
=0.090323

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Bakkt Holdings has a M-score of 13.81 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.


Bakkt Holdings Beneish M-Score Related Terms

Thank you for viewing the detailed overview of Bakkt Holdings's Beneish M-Score provided by GuruFocus.com. Please click on the following links to see related term pages.


Bakkt Holdings (Bakkt Holdings) Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
N/A
Address
10000 Avalon Boulevard, Suite 1000, Alpharetta, GA, USA, 30009
Bakkt Holdings Inc operates technology that connects the digital economy by offering a platform for crypto and redeeming loyalty points. Its institutional-grade technology platform provides a custody solution that caters to more experienced market participants to store crypto and provides consumers, businesses, and institutions with the ability to buy, sell and store crypto in a simple, intuitive digital experience accessed via application programming interfaces (APIs) or embedded web experience, and Loyalty offers a full spectrum of content that clients can make available to its customers when redeeming loyalty currencies. It generates revenue in the form of Subscription and service and Transaction revenue.
Executives
Vpc Impact Acquisition Holdings Sponsor, Llc director, 10 percent owner, other: See Remarks 150 NORTH RIVERSIDE PLAZA, SUITE 5200, CHICAGO IL 60606
Sean Roberts Collins director C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Marc D'annunzio officer: General Counsel & Secretary C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Mark Sonbolian Elliot officer: Chief Sales & Mktg Officer C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS INC., 10000 AVALON BLVD., SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Michael Gavin Constantine director, officer: Chief Executive Officer C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Karen Alexander officer: Chief Accounting Officer C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTE GA 30009
Charles Goodroe officer: Chief Accounting Officer C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS INC., 10000 AVALON BLVD., SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Meredith Spatz officer: Chief Customer Officer C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS INC., 10000 AVALON BLVD., SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
De'ana Dow director C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Jill Simeone director C/O ETSY, 117 ADAMS STREET, BROOKLYN NY 11201
Nancy Gordon officer: EVP Loyalty Rewards & Payments C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 5500 WINDWARD PKWY., SUITE 450, ALPHARETTA GA 30005
Andrew A Main director C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Daniel O'prey officer: EVP, Digital Assets C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Michael Leroy Lewis officer: EVP Engineering & Operations C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 10000 AVALON BOULEVARD, SUITE 1000, ALPHARETTA GA 30009
Matthew Alan Johnson officer: Chief Technology Officer C/O BAKKT HOLDINGS, INC., 5500 WINDWARD PKWY., SUITE 450, ALPHARETTA GA 30005