Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2024-06-01), the stock price of Asiainfo-Linkage, is €8.55. Asiainfo-Linkage,'s graham number for the quarter that ended in Sep. 2013 was €N/A. Therefore, Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:AFB's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Software industry.
Industry Median: 2.19 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Asiainfo-Linkage, Graham Number Historical Data
The historical data trend for Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Competitive Comparison of Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Graham Number
For the Software - Application subindustry, Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Price-to-Graham-Number Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
Asiainfo-Linkage, Graham Number Calculation
Graham Number is a concept based on Ben Graham's conservative valuation of companies.
Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Graham Number for the fiscal year that ended in Dec. 2012 is calculated as
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Asiainfo-Linkage, (FRA:AFB) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Asiainfo-Linkage,'s Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Sep. 2013 )
=
8.55
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Asiainfo-Linkage, Graham Number Related Terms
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Asiainfo-Linkage, Inc, a Delaware corporation, commenced operations in the United States in 1993. The Company is a provider of telecommunications software solutions and information technology, or IT, related services in China. It also provides variety of services including business operational consulting service, IT architecture planning service, system integration services based on its own products and other third party software and hardware, change of request implementation, maintenance on customer premise and management services. The Company's suite of innovative solutions includes business and operation support systems, network infrastructure solutions, and service application solutions. The products and services it offers to the telecommunications industry include various software product suites, most of which are designed with open architecture to facilitate further development and customization for specific purposes. The Company's core BSS/OSS offering primarily includes convergent billing solutions, CRM and BI systems. It also provides software enhancement and maintenance services for the systems it develop, as well as system integration and other value-added IT consulting and planning services. Its OSS Package is a highly comprehensive and intelligent service fulfilment framework based on OSS fulfilment domain definition in eTOM model and OSS specifications of telecom operators. In OSS Package, process analysis methodology and project implementation methodology enables a rapid implementation of telecom service fulfilment system. It provides process analysis methodology, project implementation methodology, inventory data model, interface integration framework and built-in inventory management templates. Its network management solutions include network access and backbone infrastructure planning, design and implementation for telecommunications and Internet service providers. These services include technical training for its customers, as well as professional maintenance and support services. The Company designs and provides a series of service applications that enable telecommunications operators and service providers to offer value-added services, such as Short Message Service, or SMS, mobile email, mobile entertainment and mobile e-commerce. These applications often involve licensed third-party software that it's customizes or integrate with its proprietary software to provide individualized solutions. The Company's software and services enable its customers to build, maintain, operate, manage and improve their communications infrastructure. Its largest customers are the major telecommunications carriers in China and their provincial subsidiaries, including China Mobile Communications Corporation, or China Mobile, China United Telecommunications Corporation, or China Unicom, and China Telecommunications Corporation, or China Telecom. The Company relies on its own sales force to market and sell its products and services
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