Chegg Reports Second Quarter 2023 Earnings

Chegg, Inc. (NYSE:CHGG, Financial), the leading student-first connected learning platform, today reported financial results for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

“Chegg outperformed guidance for both revenue and adjusted EBITDA in Q2 and saw year-over-year customer acquisition and retention rates improve during the quarter,” said Dan Rosensweig, CEO & President of Chegg, Inc. “We launched the beta version of our initial generative AI experience in May and feedback has been very positive. We believe we are in an unrivaled position to deliver a unique, personalized learning experience for students because we have the assets, the vision, and the balance sheet that no one else has.”

Second Quarter 2023 Highlights

• Total Net Revenues of $182.9 million, a decrease of 6% year-over-year
• Subscription Services Revenues decreased 5% year-over-year to $165.9 million, or 91% of total net revenues, compared to 90% in Q2 2022
• Net Income was $24.6 million
• Non-GAAP Net Income was $37.8 million
• Adjusted EBITDA was $59.8 million
• 4.8 million Subscription Services subscribers, a decrease of 9% year-over-year

Total net revenues include revenues from Subscription Services and Skills and Other. Subscription Services includes revenues from our Chegg Study Pack, Chegg Study, Chegg Writing, Chegg Math, and Busuu offerings. Skills and Other includes revenues from Skills, Advertising, and any other revenues not included in Subscription Services.

For more information about non-GAAP net income and adjusted EBITDA, and a reconciliation of non-GAAP net income to net income, and adjusted EBITDA to net income, see the sections of this press release titled, “Use of Non-GAAP Measures,” “Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA,” and “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Business Outlook

Third Quarter 2023

• Total Net Revenues in the range of $151 million to $153 million
• Subscription Services Revenues in the range of $135 million to $137 million
• Gross Margin between 68% and 69%
• Adjusted EBITDA in the range of $34 million to $36 million

For more information about the use of forward-looking non-GAAP measures, a reconciliation of forward-looking net loss to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA for the third quarter 2023, see the below sections of the press release titled “Use of Non-GAAP Measures,” and “Reconciliation of Forward-Looking Net Loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.”

An updated investor presentation and an investor data sheet can be found on Chegg’s Investor Relations website https://investor.chegg.com.

Prepared Remarks - Dan Rosensweig, CEO & President Chegg, Inc.

Thank you, Tracey and welcome everyone to our 2023 Q2 earnings call. Our team executed well, outperforming guidance for both revenue and adjusted EBITDA. As the second quarter progressed, we saw year-over-year trends for customer acquisition and retention rates improve, which drove the upside in our results.

We’re entering an exciting new chapter for Chegg, catalyzed by the advances in artificial intelligence. To take advantage of these new opportunities, Chegg has rapidly pivoted because we believe that category-defining companies with strong brand loyalty, sought-after services, and highly valuable data sets, can leverage AI to grow and will create outsized returns.

It’s still early, and since we last reported, we’ve gained greater insights into students’ use and perceptions of AI and how it relates to Chegg. Our recent survey shows, students see ChatGPT and Chegg as complementary with very different use cases. The latest YPulse survey states that while, “GenZ students are using AI to improve their education…they are not comfortable with the exact information ChatGPT puts out.” And it’s become clear to us that a simple, high quality, accurate, personal learning assistant, is needed and we feel we are uniquely positioned to deliver a world class personal learning assistant.

We are moving fast, and launched the beta version of our initial generative experience in May. Feedback has been very positive. Specifically, our students like our simple user interface, which is conversational, and they have always trusted the quality, accuracy, and relevance of our proprietary step-by-step solutions. Our research also shows that 86% of students said that they prefer study help that is reviewed by human subject-matter experts, and 85% said they want it to be personalized to their individual learning needs. So, it is no surprise that engagement from our beta testers is extremely high, and they are interacting more with each question, and are staying for significantly longer sessions.

We appreciate that speed and execution are critical to our success. Our partnership with Scale AI, announced today, will allow us to accelerate our ability to deliver the new Chegg experience starting in the fall and rolling out over the course of the next two semesters.

The new Chegg will combine the best of generative AI with Chegg’s proprietary high-quality solutions and demonstrated ability to improve student outcomes. They can expect to see a much simpler conversational user interface, personalized learning pathways, more in-depth content, and the ability to transform it automatically into innovative studytools, such as practice tests, study guides, and flash cards.

In order to further enhance our competitive moat and lower our costs, we are building our own large language models which gives us the ability to train them specifically for education. Our LLMs will be trained with our unique data sets, and with the help of our 150,000 subject matter experts. We expect to deliver a significantly enhanced and differentiated learning experience for students compared to the generic models that are available today.

And this is just the beginning. I want to give you a sense of how big we believe this TAM-expanding opportunity can be, and how we plan to capture it. We intend to build the largest connected community of learners around the world with a truly scalable, affordable, adaptive learning assistant, by combining the tools, pathways, and the accuracy that students depend on. Chegg’s proven learning taxonomy, along with our deep history of data from schools, classes, and professors, sets us apart. We have said for years that students’ challenges go way beyond the academic needs and now, by leveraging advancements in artificial intelligence, we believe we can make a significant impact on reducing the nearly 40% of students who drop out of the higher education system, and the more than 50% that never enter.

Increasingly students are connecting their academic journey with their skills-based needs in order to be employable in today’s economy. Chegg is developing integrated skills pathways that will help students assess their current proficiency, identify their gaps, and then help them acquire those skills. We are in a great position to do this by leveraging our skills offerings, where we continue to see excellent growth. We also appreciate that students today face a wide variety of personal challenges that can get in the way of graduating on time or at all. We know that if we can connect students to solutions that address some of these issues, such as mental health, food insecurity and financial barriers, we can improve their chances of finishing their education and thriving. We have created a concept video for you which illustrates how this may all come together, which you can review within our Investor deck posted on our IR website.

More than 50% of the world’s population is below the age of 30, and they have increasingly turned online to advantage themselves academically and professionally. Now, aided further by the proliferation of AI, the opportunity for Chegg to serve them, is bigger than ever.

And with that I will turn it over to Andy…

Prepared Remarks - Andy Brown, CFO Chegg, Inc.

Thanks Dan and good afternoon everyone.

Q2 was a good quarter as we exceeded our revenue and adjusted EBITDA guidance, and also delivered strong cash flow. Total revenue was $183 million, driven by Subscription Services revenue of $166 million. During the quarter we had approximately 4.8 million subscribers on our platform. Skills and Other revenue was $17 million, driven by strong growth in Skills, offset primarily by the change in the Required Materials model, which is now a revenue share. Gross margin of 74% came in slightly higher than expected. This along with the revenue beat, contributed to adjusted EBITDA beating guidance, which came in at $60 million, or a 33% margin. Free cash flow was $56 million, the result of strong operating performance and higher interest rates, with interest income contributing $10.7 million in the quarter, an increase of $8.7 million from last year.

We had several items that impacted our GAAP net income for the quarter. These included a gain of $53.8 million from the repurchase of some of our outstanding convertible debt, which was partially offset by a restructuring charge of $5.7 million we announced during the quarter, and a loss contingency of $7.0 million we accrued related to a previous gain taken on an equity investment.

We continue to have a strong balance sheet and drive significant free cash flow. We ended the quarter with $808 million of cash and investments, with total convertible debt outstanding of $773 million at par value, representing $35 million of net cash. As mentioned earlier, we repurchased $427 million of our outstanding convertible debt for $369 million, and used some of the net savings to retire 3.4 million shares of our common stock for approximately $35 million.

We continue to believe the combination of our operating model, balance sheet, and cash flows are among the strongest in the education industry and will allow us to deliver attractive results for our shareholders.

As Dan mentioned, we are rapidly realigning our resources around AI efforts, including partnering with Scale AI to develop the large language models required for our students to have a fully generative, conversational experience rolling out over the next two semesters. We believe our approach of developing and owning these models, versus solely relying on third-party providers will create a truly differentiated and better experience for students at a lower cost.

Now, moving on to guidance. For Q3 we expect:

• Total revenue to be between $151 and $153 million,
• With Subscription Services revenue between $135 and $137 million,
• Gross margin between 68% and 69%,
• And adjusted EBITDA between $34 and $36 million.

It is worth noting that we typically experience seasonally lower revenue and margins in Q3. We also have an elevated level of content depreciation from recently acquired professor-led material, which is impacting gross margins. We expect the impact of this to moderate in Q4 and margins to improve.

In closing, we expect the development of AI will allow Chegg to embrace a much larger opportunity over time. We believe there is nobody better equipped to meet the current or future needs of students, than Chegg. We have an industry-leading brand, proprietary data, strong operating model and balance sheet to extend our leadership in the future.

With that, I’ll turn the call over to the operator for your questions.

Conference Call and Webcast Information

To access the call, please dial 1-877-407-4018, or outside the U.S. +1-201-689-8471, five minutes prior to 1:30 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time (or 4:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time). A live webcast of the call will also be available at https://investor.chegg.com under the Events & Presentations menu. An audio replay will be available beginning at 4:30 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time (or 7:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time) on August 7, 2023, until 8:59 p.m. Pacific Standard Time (or 11:59 p.m. Eastern Standard Time) on August 14, 2023, by calling 1-844-512-2921, or outside the U.S. +1-412-317-6671, with Conference ID 13739864. An audio archive of the call will also be available at https://investor.chegg.com.

Use of Investor Relations Website for Regulation FD Purposes

Chegg also uses its media center website, https://www.chegg.com/press, as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor https://www.chegg.com/press, in addition to following press releases, Securities and Exchange Commission filings and public conference calls and webcasts.

About Chegg

Millions of people all around the world Learn with Chegg. Our mission is to improve learning and learning outcomes by putting students first. We support life-long learners starting with their academic journey and extending into their careers. The Chegg platform provides products and services to support learners to help them better understand their academic course materials, and also provides personal and professional development skills training, to help them achieve their learning goals. Chegg is a publicly held company based in Santa Clara, California and trades on the NYSE under the symbol CHGG. For more information, visit www.chegg.com.

Use of Non-GAAP Measures

To supplement Chegg’s financial results presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), this press release and the accompanying tables and the related earnings conference call contain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP operating expenses, non-GAAP income from operations, non-GAAP net income, non-GAAP weighted average shares, non-GAAP net income per share, and free cash flow. For reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, please see the section of the accompanying tables titled, “Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA,” “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” “Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities to Free Cash Flow,” and “Reconciliation of Forward-Looking Net Loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.”

The presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies. Chegg defines (1) adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, adjusted for print textbook depreciation expense and to exclude share-based compensation expense, other income, net, acquisition-related compensation costs, restructuring charges, loss contingency, transitional logistic charges, and impairment of lease related assets; (2) non-GAAP operating expenses as operating expenses excluding share-based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets, acquisition-related compensation costs, restructuring charges, loss contingency and impairment of lease related assets; (3) non-GAAP income from operations as (loss) income from operations excluding share-based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets, acquisition-related compensation costs, restructuring charges, loss contingency, transitional logistic charges, and impairment of lease related assets; (4) non-GAAP net income as net income excluding share-based compensation expense, amortization of intangible assets, acquisition-related compensation costs, amortization of debt issuance costs, restructuring charges, loss contingency, transitional logistic charges, the gain on early extinguishment of debt, the income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments, and impairment of lease related assets; (5) non-GAAP weighted average shares outstanding as weighted average shares outstanding adjusted for the effect of shares for stock plan activity and shares related to our convertible senior notes, to the extent such shares are not already included in our weighted average shares outstanding; (6) non-GAAP net income per share is defined as non-GAAP net income divided by non-GAAP weighted average shares outstanding; and (7) free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities adjusted for purchases of property and equipment, purchases of textbooks and proceeds from disposition of textbooks. To the extent additional significant non-recurring items arise in the future, Chegg may consider whether to exclude such items in calculating the non-GAAP financial measures it uses.

Chegg believes that these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding Chegg’s performance by excluding items that may not be indicative of Chegg’s core business, operating results or future outlook. Chegg management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing Chegg’s operating results, as well as when planning, forecasting and analyzing future periods and believes that such measures enhance investors’ overall understanding of our current financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures also facilitate comparisons of Chegg’s performance to prior periods.

As presented in the “Reconciliation of Net Income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA,” “Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Financial Measures,” “Reconciliation of Forward-Looking Net Loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA,” and “Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities to Free Cash Flow,” tables below, each of the non-GAAP financial measures excludes or includes one or more of the following items:

Share-based compensation expense.

Share-based compensation expense is a non-cash expense that varies in amount from period to period and is dependent on market forces that are often beyond Chegg's control. As a result, management excludes this item from Chegg's internal operating forecasts and models. Management believes that non-GAAP measures adjusted for share-based compensation expense provide investors with a basis to measure Chegg's core performance against the performance of other companies without the variability created by share-based compensation as a result of the variety of equity awards used by other companies and the varying methodologies and assumptions used.

Amortization of intangible assets.

Chegg amortizes intangible assets, including those that contribute to generating revenues, that it acquires in conjunction with acquisitions, which results in non-cash expenses that may not otherwise have been incurred. Chegg believes excluding the expense associated with intangible assets from non-GAAP measures allows for a more accurate assessment of its ongoing operations and provides investors with a better comparison of period-over-period operating results. No corresponding adjustments have been made related to revenues generated from acquired intangible assets.

Acquisition-related compensation costs.

Acquisition-related compensation costs include compensation expense resulting from the employment retention of certain key employees established in accordance with the terms of the acquisitions. In most cases, these acquisition-related compensation costs are not factored into management's evaluation of potential acquisitions or Chegg's performance after completion of acquisitions, because they are not related to Chegg's core operating performance. In addition, the frequency and amount of such charges can vary significantly based on the size and timing of acquisitions and the maturities of the businesses being acquired. Excluding acquisition-related compensation costs from non-GAAP measures provides investors with a basis to compare Chegg’s results against those of other companies without the variability caused by purchase accounting.

Amortization of debt issuance costs.

The difference between the effective interest expense and the contractual interest expense are excluded from management's assessment of our operating performance because management believes that these non-cash expenses are not indicative of ongoing operating performance. Chegg believes that the exclusion of the non-cash interest expense provides investors with a better comparison of period-over-period operating results.

Restructuring charges

Restructuring charges represent expenses incurred in conjunction with a reduction in workforce to better position the Company to execute against its AI strategy and to create long-term, sustainable value for its students and investors. Chegg believes that it is appropriate to exclude them from non-GAAP financial measures because it is the result of an event that is not considered a core-operating activity and we believe its exclusion provides investors with a better comparison of period-over-period operating results.

Loss contingency

The loss contingency represents a one-time accrual in connection with a demand for repayment of certain investment proceeds received by the Company in its capacity as an investor in TAPD, Inc. (more commonly known as “Frank”). The loss contingency is excluded from non-GAAP financial measures because they are the result of discrete events that are not considered core-operating activities. Chegg believes that it is appropriate to exclude the loss contingency from non-GAAP financial measures because it enables the comparison of period-over-period operating results.

Transitional logistics charges.

The transitional logistics charges represent incremental expenses incurred as we transition our print textbooks to a third party. Chegg believes that it is appropriate to exclude them from non-GAAP financial measures because it is the result of an event that is not considered a core-operating activity and we believe its exclusion provides investors with a better comparison of period-over-period operating results.

Impairment of lease related assets.

The impairment of lease related assets represents impairment charge recorded on the ROU asset and leasehold improvements associated with the closure of our San Francisco office. The impairment of lease related assets is a one-time event that is not considered a core-operating activity and we believe its exclusion provides investors with a better comparison of period-over-period operating results.

Gain on early extinguishment of debt

The gain on early extinguishment of debt is not considered a core-operating activity and we believe its exclusion provides investors with a better comparison of period-over-period operating results.

Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments.

In the periods following the release of our U.S. valuation allowance, we utilize a non-GAAP effective tax rate of 24% for evaluating our operating results, which is based on our current mid-term projections. This non-GAAP tax rate could change for various reasons including, but not limited to, significant changes resulting from tax legislation, changes to our corporate structure and other significant events. Chegg believes that the inclusion of a non-GAAP provision for income tax adjustments provides investors with a better comparison of period-over-period operating results.

Effect of shares for stock plan activity.

The effect of shares for stock plan activity represents the dilutive impact of outstanding stock options, RSUs, and PSUs calculated under the treasury stock method.

Effect of shares related to convertible senior notes.

The effect of shares related to convertible senior notes represents the dilutive impact of our convertible senior notes, to the extent such shares are not already included in our weighted average shares outstanding as they were antidilutive on a GAAP basis.

Free cash flow.

Free cash flow represents net cash provided by operating activities adjusted for purchases of property and equipment and purchases of textbooks and including proceeds from the disposition of textbooks. Chegg considers free cash flow to be a liquidity measure that provides useful information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated by the business after the purchases of property and equipment and textbooks, which can then be used to, among other things, invest in Chegg's business and make strategic acquisitions. A limitation of the utility of free cash flow as a measure of financial performance is that it does not represent the total increase or decrease in Chegg's cash balance for the period.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which include, without limitation, statements regarding our future growth and the future of learning, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on our financial condition and results of operations, our unrivaled position to deliver a unique, personalized learning experience for students because we have the assets, the vision, and the balance sheet that no one else has, our ability to build and utilize AI tools, our belief that category-defining companies with strong brand loyalty, sought-after services, and highly valuable data sets can leverage AI to grow and will create outsized returns, our views on students use of ChatGPT and Chegg as complementary, our unique position to deliver a world-class personal learning assistant, our partnership with Scale AI, our ability to accelerate the delivery of the new Chegg experience, the development and features of new Chegg offerings, capabilities and experiences, the timeline for the availability of our new offerings, capabilities and experiences (including our ability to deliver the new Chegg experience starting in the fall and rolling out over the course of the next two semesters), what the new Chegg will include (such as the combination of the best of generative AI with Chegg's proprietary high-quality solutions and demonstrated ability to improve student outcomes), the features of the new Chegg experience, including a much simpler conversational user interface, personalized learning pathways, more in-depth content, and the ability to transform such content automatically into innovative studytools, such as practice tests, study guides, and flash cards, the development of our own large language models (LLMs) and ability to train them specifically for education with our unique data sets and subject matter experts, our LLMs' potential enhancement of our competitive moat, reduction of costs, the delivery of a significantly enhanced and differentiated learning experience compared to generic models, the TAM-expanding opportunity of the new Chegg experience and how we plan to capture it, our intention to build the largest community of learners around the world with a truly scalable, affordable, adaptive learning assistant with the tools, pathways and accuracy that students depend on, our ability to leverage AI to make a significant impact on reducing the number of students who drop out of or never enter the higher education system, our ability to connect students' academic journey with their skills-based needs, our development and integration of skills pathways that will help students assess their proficiency, identify skills gaps and acquire skills, our ability to improve students' educational outcomes by connecting them to solutions that address personal challenges such as mental health, food insecurity and financial barriers, the size of Chegg's opportunity to serve its students, the content of our concept video, expectations regarding Chegg's execution against its strategic and financial objectives and guidance, our ability to deliver attractive results for our shareholders through a combination of our operating model, balance sheet and cash flows, our belief that our approach of developing and owning our own LLMs, versus solely relying on third-party providers, will create a truly differentiated and better experience for students at a lower cost, our expectation regarding seasonality with lower revenue and margins in Q3 and improved margins in Q4, our expectation that the development of AI will allow Chegg to embrace a much larger opportunity over time, our belief that nobody is better equipped to meet the current or future needs of student than Chegg, our ability to extend our leadership in the future through our industry-leading brand, proprietary data, strong operating model and balance sheet, our financial guidance, as well as those included in the investor presentation referenced above, those included in the “Prepared Remarks” sections above, and all statements about Chegg’s outlook under “Business Outlook.” The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “project,” “endeavor,” “will,” “should,” “future,” “transition,” “outlook” and similar expressions, as they relate to Chegg, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, and are based on management’s expectations as of the date of this press release and assumptions that are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements include the following: the effects of AI technology on Chegg’s business and the economy generally; Chegg’s ability to attract new, and retain existing, students, to increase student engagement, and to increase monetization; Chegg’s brand and reputation; changes in employment and wages and the uncertainty surrounding the evolving educational landscape, enrollment and student behavior; Chegg’s ability to expand internationally; changes in search engine methodologies that modify Chegg’s search result page rankings, resulting in decreased student engagement on Chegg’s website; the success of Chegg’s new product offerings, including the new Chegg generative AI experience and personal learning assistant; competition in aspects of Chegg’s business, and Chegg's expectation that such competition will increase; Chegg’s ability to innovate in response to technological and market developments, including artificial intelligence; Chegg’s ability to maintain its services and systems without interruption, including as a result of technical issues, cybersecurity threats, or cyber-attacks; third-party payment processing risks; adoption of government regulation of education unfavorable to Chegg; the rate of adoption of Chegg’s offerings; mobile app stores and mobile operating systems making Chegg’s apps and mobile website available to students and to grow Chegg’s user base and increase their engagement; colleges and governments restricting online access or access to Chegg’s services; Chegg’s ability to strategically take advantage of new opportunities; competitive developments, including pricing pressures and other services targeting students; Chegg’s ability to build and expand its services offerings; Chegg’s ability to integrate acquired businesses and assets; the impact of seasonality and student behavior on the business; the outcome of any current litigation and investigations; Chegg’s ability to effectively control operating costs; regulatory changes, in particular concerning privacy, marketing, and education; changes in the education market, including as a result of AI technology and COVID-19; and general economic, political and industry conditions, including inflation, recession and war. All information provided in this release and in the conference call is as of the date hereof, and Chegg undertakes no duty to update this information except as required by law. These and other important risk factors are described more fully in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Chegg's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 21, 2023, and could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations.