Anworth Mortgage Asset Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Anworth Mortgage Asset for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * | + | 0.528 * | + | 0.404 * | + | 0.892 * | + | 0.115 * |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * | + | 4.679 * | - | 0.327 * |
| = | |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec20) TTM: | Last Year (Dec19) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $6.55 Mil.
Revenue was 28.082 + 24.704 + 40.408 + -182.705 = $-89.51 Mil.
Gross Profit was 28.082 + 24.704 + 40.408 + -182.705 = $-89.51 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $40.60 Mil.
Total Assets was $2,384.49 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $0.72 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.48 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $11.53 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $103.23 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $296.51 Mil.
Net Income was 23.419 + 21.869 + 36.839 + -185.821 = $-103.69 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 4.005 + 6.326 + 11.925 + 39.797 = $62.05 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was $16.40 Mil.
Revenue was 31.254 + -13.089 + -43.981 + -16.924 = $-42.74 Mil.
Gross Profit was 31.254 + -13.089 + -43.981 + -16.924 = $-42.74 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $24.63 Mil.
Total Assets was $4,938.63 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $1.26 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.48 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $11.16 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $168.62 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $487.62 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (6.554 / -89.511) | / | (16.398 / -42.74) |
| = | | / | |
| | = | |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (-42.74 / -42.74) | / | (-89.511 / -89.511) |
| = | | / | |
| | = | |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (40.604 + 0.718) / 2384.49) | / | (1 - (24.634 + 1.256) / 4938.631) |
| = | 0.982671 | / | 0.994758 |
| | = | |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | -89.511 | / | -42.74 |
| | = | |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (0.477 / (0.477 + 1.256)) | / | (0.475 / (0.475 + 0.718)) |
| = | 0.275245 | / | 0.398156 |
| | = | |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (11.526 / -89.511) | / | (11.163 / -42.74) |
| = | | / | |
| | = | |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((296.512 + 103.227) / 2384.49) | / | ((487.623 + 168.619) / 4938.631) |
| = | 0.167641 | / | 0.132879 |
| | = | |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-103.694 - 0 | - | 62.053) | / | 2384.49 |
| | = | -0.06951 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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