Belle International Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Belle International Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Belle International Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart
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Belle International Holdings Annual Data
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Dec08 |
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Feb17 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
-2.69 |
-2.29 |
-2.93 |
-2.98 |
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Belle International Holdings Semi-Annual Data
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Dec06 |
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| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.29 |
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-2.93 |
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-2.98 |
Competitive Comparison of Belle International Holdings's Beneish M-Score
For the Footwear & Accessories subindustry, Belle International Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Belle International Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Manufacturing - Apparel & Accessories Industry
For the Manufacturing - Apparel & Accessories industry and Consumer Cyclical sector, Belle International Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Belle International Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Belle International Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Belle International Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8317 | + | 0.528 * 1.0361 | + | 0.404 * 0.8167 | + | 0.892 * 0.9749 | + | 0.115 * 0.9354 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0117 | + | 4.679 * -0.062617 | - | 0.327 * 0.8807 |
| = | -2.98 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Feb17) TTM: | Last Year (Feb16) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $536 Mil.
Revenue was $6,071 Mil.
Gross Profit was $3,298 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $3,194 Mil.
Total Assets was $4,621 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $680 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $176 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $2,690 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $733 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $0 Mil.
Net Income was $350 Mil.
Gross Profit was $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $639 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $661 Mil.
Revenue was $6,227 Mil.
Gross Profit was $3,505 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $3,106 Mil.
Total Assets was $4,741 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $696 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $166 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $2,727 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $854 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $0 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (535.622 / 6071.345) | / | (660.585 / 6227.416) |
| = | 0.088221 | / | 0.106077 |
| | = | 0.8317 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3504.969 / 6227.416) | / | (3298.046 / 6071.345) |
| = | 0.562829 | / | 0.543215 |
| | = | 1.0361 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (3194.355 + 679.928) / 4621.306) | / | (1 - (3106.288 + 696.371) / 4741.118) |
| = | 0.161648 | / | 0.19794 |
| | = | 0.8167 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 6071.345 | / | 6227.416 |
| | = | 0.9749 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (165.555 / (165.555 + 696.371)) | / | (175.692 / (175.692 + 679.928)) |
| = | 0.192076 | / | 0.205339 |
| | = | 0.9354 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (2689.74 / 6071.345) | / | (2726.951 / 6227.416) |
| = | 0.443022 | / | 0.437894 |
| | = | 1.0117 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((0 + 733.295) / 4621.306) | / | ((0 + 854.247) / 4741.118) |
| = | 0.158677 | / | 0.180178 |
| | = | 0.8807 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (349.87 - 0 | - | 639.241) | / | 4621.306 |
| | = | -0.062617 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Belle International Holdings has a M-score of -2.98 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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