Avast Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Avast's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Avast Beneish M-Score Chart
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Avast Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
- |
- |
-2.82 |
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Avast Semi-Annual Data
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Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
- |
-2.82 |
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Competitive Comparison of Avast's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Infrastructure subindustry, Avast's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Avast's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Avast's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Avast's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Avast Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Avast for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8042 | + | 0.528 * 0.9279 | + | 0.404 * 0.9191 | + | 0.892 * 1.0653 | + | 0.115 * 1.3334 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1 | + | 4.679 * -0.041782 | - | 0.327 * 0.911 |
| = | -2.80 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec21) TTM: | Last Year (Dec20) TTM: |
Total Receivables was £40.2 Mil.
Revenue was £707.7 Mil.
Gross Profit was £595.3 Mil.
Total Current Assets was £404.2 Mil.
Total Assets was £2,177.8 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was £60.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was £33.2 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was £0.0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was £477.2 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was £594.4 Mil.
Net Income was £262.0 Mil.
Gross Profit was £0.0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was £353.0 Mil.
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Total Receivables was £46.9 Mil.
Revenue was £664.3 Mil.
Gross Profit was £518.5 Mil.
Total Current Assets was £215.2 Mil.
Total Assets was £1,997.3 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was £72.6 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was £65.2 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was £0.0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was £463.5 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was £615.2 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (40.157 / 707.707) | / | (46.872 / 664.318) |
| = | 0.056742 | / | 0.070557 |
| | = | 0.8042 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (518.494 / 664.318) | / | (595.283 / 707.707) |
| = | 0.780491 | / | 0.841143 |
| | = | 0.9279 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (404.2 + 60.461) / 2177.792) | / | (1 - (215.165 + 72.614) / 1997.268) |
| = | 0.786637 | / | 0.855914 |
| | = | 0.9191 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 707.707 | / | 664.318 |
| | = | 1.0653 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (65.174 / (65.174 + 72.614)) | / | (33.238 / (33.238 + 60.461)) |
| = | 0.473002 | / | 0.354732 |
| | = | 1.3334 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 707.707) | / | (0 / 664.318) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((594.381 + 477.219) / 2177.792) | / | ((615.214 + 463.512) / 1997.268) |
| = | 0.492058 | / | 0.540101 |
| | = | 0.911 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (261.997 - 0 | - | 352.989) | / | 2177.792 |
| | = | -0.041782 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Avast has a M-score of -2.80 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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