IGM Financial Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for IGM Financial's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
IGM Financial Beneish M-Score Chart
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IGM Financial Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.62 |
-2.77 |
-2.00 |
-2.50 |
-2.38 |
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IGM Financial Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.50 |
-2.62 |
-3.59 |
-2.03 |
-2.38 |
Competitive Comparison of IGM Financial's Beneish M-Score
For the Asset Management subindustry, IGM Financial's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
IGM Financial's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Asset Management Industry
For the Asset Management industry and Financial Services sector, IGM Financial's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where IGM Financial's Beneish M-Score falls into.
IGM Financial Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of IGM Financial for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0457 | + | 0.528 * 1.0349 | + | 0.404 * 1.1851 | + | 0.892 * 0.9821 | + | 0.115 * 1.2082 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.6809 | + | 4.679 * 0.002131 | - | 0.327 * 1.0437 |
| = | -2.29 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $4,087 Mil.
Revenue was 592.488 + 599.387 + 601.567 + 570.938 = $2,364 Mil.
Gross Profit was -450.062 + 541.262 + 541.788 + 512.964 = $1,146 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $7,539 Mil.
Total Assets was $13,911 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $229 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $59 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $63 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $2,182 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $3,697 Mil.
Net Income was 312.759 + 155.019 + 104.02 + 278.695 = $850 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -39.224 + 28.434 + 39.015 + 169.672 = $198 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 170.095 + 170.405 + 200.761 + 81.688 = $623 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $3,979 Mil.
Revenue was 573.452 + 583.78 + 606.632 + 643.642 = $2,408 Mil.
Gross Profit was -432.309 + 525.71 + 542.52 + 571.671 = $1,208 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $8,413 Mil.
Total Assets was $13,793 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $240 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $79 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $93 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $2,086 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $3,498 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (4086.568 / 2364.38) | / | (3979.266 / 2407.506) |
| = | 1.728389 | / | 1.652858 |
| | = | 1.0457 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1207.592 / 2407.506) | / | (1145.952 / 2364.38) |
| = | 0.501595 | / | 0.484673 |
| | = | 1.0349 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (7538.964 + 228.802) / 13911.212) | / | (1 - (8412.728 + 240.183) / 13792.799) |
| = | 0.441618 | / | 0.37265 |
| | = | 1.1851 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 2364.38 | / | 2407.506 |
| | = | 0.9821 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (79.44 / (79.44 + 240.183)) | / | (59.258 / (59.258 + 228.802)) |
| = | 0.248543 | / | 0.205714 |
| | = | 1.2082 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (62.521 / 2364.38) | / | (93.497 / 2407.506) |
| = | 0.026443 | / | 0.038836 |
| | = | 0.6809 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((3696.578 + 2181.62) / 13911.212) | / | ((3498.433 + 2085.574) / 13792.799) |
| = | 0.422551 | / | 0.404849 |
| | = | 1.0437 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (850.493 - 197.897 | - | 622.949) | / | 13911.212 |
| | = | 0.002131 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
IGM Financial has a M-score of -2.29 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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