BBHC Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for BBHC's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
BBHC Beneish M-Score Chart
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BBHC Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec09 |
Dec10 |
Dec11 |
Dec12 |
Dec13 |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.55 |
-3.45 |
-4.50 |
-5.51 |
-1.23 |
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BBHC Quarterly Data
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Dec14 |
Mar15 |
Jun15 |
Sep15 |
Dec15 |
Mar16 |
Jun16 |
Sep16 |
Dec16 |
Mar17 |
Jun17 |
Sep17 |
Dec17 |
Mar18 |
Jun18 |
Sep18 |
Dec18 |
Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.79 |
-1.23 |
-0.95 |
-2.01 |
-2.33 |
Competitive Comparison of BBHC's Beneish M-Score
For the Oil & Gas Integrated subindustry, BBHC's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
BBHC's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Oil & Gas Industry
For the Oil & Gas industry and Energy sector, BBHC's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where BBHC's Beneish M-Score falls into.
BBHC Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of BBHC for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8706 | + | 0.528 * 0.7137 | + | 0.404 * 1.4651 | + | 0.892 * 2.4902 | + | 0.115 * 1.1058 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8114 | + | 4.679 * -0.215532 | - | 0.327 * 1.397 |
| = | -2.33 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3.007 / 19.127) | / | (1.387 / 7.681) |
| = | 0.157212 | / | 0.180575 |
| | = | 0.8706 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2.013 / 7.681) | / | (7.024 / 19.127) |
| = | 0.262075 | / | 0.36723 |
| | = | 0.7137 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (7.989 + 20.275) / 47.761) | / | (1 - (5.348 + 9.132) / 20.073) |
| = | 0.40822 | / | 0.278633 |
| | = | 1.4651 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 19.127 | / | 7.681 |
| | = | 2.4902 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1.134 / (1.134 + 9.132)) | / | (2.25 / (2.25 + 20.275)) |
| = | 0.110462 | / | 0.099889 |
| | = | 1.1058 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (31.742 / 19.127) | / | (15.71 / 7.681) |
| = | 1.659539 | / | 2.045307 |
| | = | 0.8114 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((4.975 + 6.513) / 47.761) | / | ((0.738 + 2.718) / 20.073) |
| = | 0.240531 | / | 0.172172 |
| | = | 1.397 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-24.711 - 0.324 | - | -14.741) | / | 47.761 |
| | = | -0.215532 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
BBHC has a M-score of -2.33 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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