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Dr. Charlie Tian is the founder and CEO of GuruFocus.com, a leading global investment research platform established in 2004. With a Ph.D. in physics, Dr. Tian transitioned from science to finance, applying a data-driven, disciplined approach to value investing.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Cairo Communication SpA's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
CHIX:CAIm's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Media - Diversified industry.
Industry Median: 1.18 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Cairo Communication SpA (CHIX:CAIm) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Cairo Communication SpA's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Jun. 2026 )
=
2.4375
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Cairo Communication SpA Graham Number Related Terms
Cairo Communication SpA Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Publishing subindustry, Cairo Communication SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Cairo Communication SpA Price-to-Graham-Number vs Media - Diversified Industry
For the Media - Diversified industry and Communication Services sector, Cairo Communication SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Cairo Communication SpA's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Cairo Communication SpA (CHIX:CAIM) has a Graham Number of €N/A as of Jun. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Cairo Communication SpA and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, Cairo Communication SpA ranks #999999 out of 493 companies in the Media - Diversified industry.
Is Cairo Communication SpA's Graham Number too high?
Cairo Communication SpA's current Graham Number is €N/A. Based on the distribution chart, Cairo Communication SpA ranks #999999 out of 493 companies in the Media - Diversified industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Cairo Communication SpA has a GF Score™ of 75/100 and is considered Fairly Valued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Cairo Communication SpA's Graham Number compare to NYT and WLY?
According to the Media - Diversified industry distribution chart, Cairo Communication SpA ranks #999999 out of 493 companies for Graham Number. This places Cairo Communication SpA in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.18. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Media - Diversified company?
The median Graham Number among Media - Diversified companies is 1.18, based on 493 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Cairo Communication SpA and its competitors. For the Media - Diversified industry, the median Graham Number is 1.18 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Cairo Communication SpA's current Graham Number is €N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Cairo Communication SpA stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Cairo Communication SpA (CHIX:CAIM) is currently considered Fairly Valued. The stock's GF Value™ is €2.51, compared to a current price of €2.44 — trading 2.9% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €N/A. Cairo Communication SpA's overall GF Score™ is 75/100 with 1 warning sign to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Cairo Communication SpA (CHIX:CAIM), the current Graham Number is €N/A as of Jun. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Cairo Communication SpA (CHIX:CAIM) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Cairo Communication SpA stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €2.44 is trading 2.9% below its estimated GF Value™ of €2.51.
GuruFocus considers Cairo Communication SpA to be Fairly Valued.
Key valuation signals for CHIX:CAIM:
Graham Number: €N/A
GF Value™: €2.51 vs. price of €2.44 (2.9% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the CHIX:CAIM stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Cairo Communication SpA is an Italian-based advertising company. It is engaged in the business of media and publication. It carries out its activity through three communication platforms that include advertisements, publications, and the Internet. Publication activity is done by publishing periodicals, magazines, and books. It is a dealer for the sale of advertising space on various media platforms such as commercial television, paid digital television, print, and the Internet. It operates on the internet through its Trovatore search engine. Its segment includes magazine publishing Cairo Editore, advertising, TV publishing La7, network operator, and RCS.
75GF Score
Get the complete analysis for CHIX:CAIM
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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