Pushpay Holdings (ASX:PPH) Beneish M-Score : -3.09 (As of Apr. 26, 2024)

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What is Pushpay Holdings Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -3.09 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Pushpay Holdings's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

ASX:PPH' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.36 Med: -2.47 Max: 4.08
Current: -3.09

During the past 10 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Pushpay Holdings was 4.08. The lowest was -3.36. And the median was -2.47.

Pushpay Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Pushpay Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

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Pushpay Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart

Pushpay Holdings Annual Data

Trend

Mar13

Mar14

Mar15

Mar16

Mar17

Mar18

Mar19

Mar20

Mar21

Mar22

Beneish M-Score

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-3.16

0.61

-3.36

-2.71

-3.09

Pushpay Holdings Semi-Annual Data
	Mar13	Mar14	Sep14	Mar15	Sep15	Mar16	Sep16	Mar17	Sep17	Mar18	Sep18	Mar19	Sep19	Mar20	Sep20	Mar21	Sep21	Mar22	Sep22
Beneish M-Score	Get a 7-Day Free Trial														-	-2.71	-	-3.09	-

Competitive Comparison of Pushpay Holdings's Beneish M-Score

For the Software - Infrastructure subindustry, Pushpay Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.

Pushpay Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry

For the Software industry and Technology sector, Pushpay Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Pushpay Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.

Pushpay Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Pushpay Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

-4.84

0.92 * DSRI

0.528 * GMI

0.404 * AQI

0.892 * SGI

0.115 * DEPI

-4.84

0.92 * 1.016

0.528 * 0.9979

0.404 * 1.1515

0.892 * 1.1844

0.115 * 1.2733

0.172 * SGAI

4.679 * TATA

0.327 * LVGI

0.172 * 1.1332

4.679 * -0.100546

0.327 * 1.9183

-3.00

This Year (Mar22) TTM:

Last Year (Mar21) TTM:

Total Receivables was A$26.0 Mil.
Revenue was A$275.1 Mil.
Gross Profit was A$187.6 Mil.
Total Current Assets was A$40.4 Mil.
Total Assets was A$354.4 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was A$10.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was A$13.6 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was A$97.9 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was A$53.4 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was A$81.0 Mil.
Net Income was A$45.3 Mil.
Gross Profit was A$-2.4 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was A$83.3 Mil.

Total Receivables was A$21.6 Mil.
Revenue was A$232.2 Mil.
Gross Profit was A$158.1 Mil.
Total Current Assets was A$35.3 Mil.
Total Assets was A$151.8 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was A$3.6 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was A$9.2 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was A$72.9 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was A$29.1 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was A$0.9 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI	=	(Receivables_t / Revenue_t)	/	(Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
	=	(26.011 / 275.052)	/	(21.615 / 232.23)
	=	0.094568	/	0.093076
	=	1.016

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI	=	GrossMargin_t-1	/	GrossMargin_t
	=	(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)	/	(GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
	=	(158.071 / 232.23)	/	(187.615 / 275.052)
	=	0.680666	/	0.682107
	=	0.9979

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI	=	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	(1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	(1 - (40.394 + 10.457) / 354.374)	/	(1 - (35.294 + 3.603) / 151.822)
	=	0.856505	/	0.743799
	=	1.1515

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI	=	Sales_t	/	Sales_t-1
	=	Revenue_t	/	Revenue_t-1
	=	275.052	/	232.23
	=	1.1844

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI	=	(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1))	/	(Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
	=	(9.233 / (9.233 + 3.603))	/	(13.578 / (13.578 + 10.457))
	=	0.719305	/	0.564926
	=	1.2733

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI	=	(SGA_t / Sales_t)	/	(SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
	=	(97.863 / 275.052)	/	(72.917 / 232.23)
	=	0.355798	/	0.313986
	=	1.1332

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI	=	((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t)	/	((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
	=	((80.952 + 53.418) / 354.374)	/	((0.913 + 29.097) / 151.822)
	=	0.379176	/	0.197666
	=	1.9183

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA	=	(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t	-	CashFlowsfromOperations_t)	/	TotalAssets_t
	=	(45.294 - -2.404	-	83.329)	/	354.374
	=	-0.100546

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Pushpay Holdings has a M-score of -3.00 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

Pushpay Holdings Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Pushpay Holdings (ASX:PPH) Business Description

Industry

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Comparable Companies

Traded in Other Exchanges

N/A

Address

167 Victoria Street West, Level 6, Building D, Auckland, NTL, NZL, 1010

Website

https://www.pushpay.com

Pushpay primarily sells donor and church management systems to the global faith sector. Revenue is mainly derived from: (1) subscription fees based on a church's size and number of services provided to the church, and (2) processing fees for donations processed through its giving platform. Operations are mainly in the U.S., and its core customers are large evangelical and nondenominational churches with weekly attendances ranging from 1,100 to 50,000. Pushpay also sells to medium and small churches. The firm's solutions encompass, but are not limited to, virtual giving, record keeping, event registration, member engagement, video broadcasting, and data analytics. It also services nonprofit organisation and education providers, though these are currently immaterial to earnings.