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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Good Sign:
Beneish M-Score -2.89 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
The historical rank and industry rank for Electricity Generating PCL's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Electricity Generating PCL was -1.23. The lowest was -3.16. And the median was -2.64.
The historical data trend for Electricity Generating PCL's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Electricity Generating PCL Annual Data | |||||||||||||||||||||
Trend | Dec14 | Dec15 | Dec16 | Dec17 | Dec18 | Dec19 | Dec20 | Dec21 | Dec22 | Dec23 | |||||||||||
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | -2.64 | -2.72 | -2.31 | -1.86 | -3.07 |
Electricity Generating PCL Quarterly Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dec19 | Mar20 | Jun20 | Sep20 | Dec20 | Mar21 | Jun21 | Sep21 | Dec21 | Mar22 | Jun22 | Sep22 | Dec22 | Mar23 | Jun23 | Sep23 | Dec23 | Mar24 | Jun24 | Sep24 | |
Beneish M-Score | Get a 7-Day Free Trial | -2.96 | -3.07 | -2.66 | -2.95 | -2.89 |
For the Utilities - Independent Power Producers subindustry, Electricity Generating PCL's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
For the Utilities - Independent Power Producers industry and Utilities sector, Electricity Generating PCL's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Electricity Generating PCL's Beneish M-Score falls into.
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Electricity Generating PCL for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
= | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.192 | + | 0.528 * 0.7735 | + | 0.404 * 0.937 | + | 0.892 * 0.7407 | + | 0.115 * 0.9839 | |
- | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI | |||||||
- | 0.172 * 1.3634 | + | 4.679 * -0.023155 | - | 0.327 * 1.1047 | |||||||
= | -2.89 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
This Year (Sep24) TTM: | Last Year (Sep23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ฿9,026 Mil. Revenue was 10928.33 + 9942.967 + 9852.053 + 10680.015 = ฿41,403 Mil. Gross Profit was 2543.541 + 2231.238 + 1407.96 + 2276.296 = ฿8,459 Mil. Total Current Assets was ฿64,845 Mil. Total Assets was ฿245,242 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ฿44,716 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ฿3,033 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ฿3,545 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ฿33,804 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ฿101,155 Mil. Net Income was 2462.081 + 1393.139 + 1662.402 + -14238.727 = ฿-8,721 Mil. Non Operating Income was 2303.336 + 2110.197 + 2990.463 + -17639.363 = ฿-10,235 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was 833.592 + 1237.862 + 3082.142 + 2039.19 = ฿7,193 Mil. |
Total Receivables was ฿10,222 Mil. Revenue was 12048.455 + 13657.159 + 13241.88 + 16947.056 = ฿55,895 Mil. Gross Profit was 2180.385 + 2353.326 + 1900.807 + 2398.507 = ฿8,833 Mil. Total Current Assets was ฿61,980 Mil. Total Assets was ฿270,417 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ฿48,776 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ฿3,252 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ฿3,510 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was ฿21,137 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ฿113,572 Mil. |
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
= | (9025.739 / 41403.365) | / | (10222.174 / 55894.55) | |
= | 0.217995 | / | 0.182883 | |
= | 1.192 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
= | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) | |
= | (8833.025 / 55894.55) | / | (8459.035 / 41403.365) | |
= | 0.15803 | / | 0.204308 | |
= | 0.7735 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | (1 - (64845.186 + 44715.764) / 245241.576) | / | (1 - (61979.788 + 48776.351) / 270416.643) | |
= | 0.553253 | / | 0.590424 | |
= | 0.937 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
= | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 | |
= | 41403.365 | / | 55894.55 | |
= | 0.7407 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
= | (3251.542 / (3251.542 + 48776.351)) | / | (3032.882 / (3032.882 + 44715.764)) | |
= | 0.062496 | / | 0.063518 | |
= | 0.9839 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
= | (3544.564 / 41403.365) | / | (3509.813 / 55894.55) | |
= | 0.085611 | / | 0.062793 | |
= | 1.3634 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
= | ((101155.27 + 33804.028) / 245241.576) | / | ((113571.661 + 21137.124) / 270416.643) | |
= | 0.550312 | / | 0.498153 | |
= | 1.1047 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
= | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t | |
= | (-8721.105 - -10235.367 | - | 7192.786) | / | 245241.576 | |
= | -0.023155 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Electricity Generating PCL has a M-score of -2.89 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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