SVB Financial Group Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of SVB Financial Group for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.3981 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 1.0103 | + | 0.892 * 0.9977 | + | 0.115 * 0.8646 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.09 | + | 4.679 * -0.005545 | - | 0.327 * 6.3274 |
| = | -3.91 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec22) TTM: | Last Year (Dec21) TTM: |
Total Receivables was R$4,133 Mil.
Revenue was 8014.971 + 8164.285 + 7717.933 + 7957.264 = R$31,854 Mil.
Gross Profit was 8014.971 + 8164.285 + 7717.933 + 7957.264 = R$31,854 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R$209,491 Mil.
Total Assets was R$1,110,939 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R$3,824 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R$1,141 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R$12,147 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R$68,400 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R$30,334 Mil.
Net Income was 1652.301 + 2459.248 + 1882.792 + 2562.846 = R$8,557 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = R$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 5350.308 + 2270.479 + 5310.18 + 1786.528 = R$14,717 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was R$2,963 Mil.
Revenue was 8482.35 + 8045.196 + 7487.436 + 7911.68 = R$31,927 Mil.
Gross Profit was 8482.35 + 8045.196 + 7487.436 + 7911.68 = R$31,927 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R$235,945 Mil.
Total Assets was R$1,194,926 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R$3,297 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R$818 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R$11,169 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R$57 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R$16,727 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (4133.375 / 31854.453) | / | (2963.168 / 31926.662) |
| = | 0.129758 | / | 0.092812 |
| | = | 1.3981 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (31926.662 / 31926.662) | / | (31854.453 / 31854.453) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (209490.785 + 3823.897) / 1110939.002) | / | (1 - (235945.048 + 3296.807) / 1194925.609) |
| = | 0.807987 | / | 0.799785 |
| | = | 1.0103 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 31854.453 | / | 31926.662 |
| | = | 0.9977 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (817.568 / (817.568 + 3296.807)) | / | (1141.045 / (1141.045 + 3823.897)) |
| = | 0.19871 | / | 0.22982 |
| | = | 0.8646 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (12147.099 / 31854.453) | / | (11169.472 / 31926.662) |
| = | 0.381331 | / | 0.349848 |
| | = | 1.09 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((30334.148 + 68400.016) / 1110939.002) | / | ((16727.194 + 56.549) / 1194925.609) |
| = | 0.088875 | / | 0.014046 |
| | = | 6.3274 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (8557.187 - 0 | - | 14717.495) | / | 1110939.002 |
| | = | -0.005545 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
SVB Financial Group has a M-score of -3.91 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
BSP:S1IV34 has been successfully added to your