Clicks Group Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Clicks Group's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Clicks Group Beneish M-Score Chart
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Clicks Group Annual Data
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Trend |
Aug14 |
Aug15 |
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Aug17 |
Aug18 |
Aug19 |
Aug20 |
Aug21 |
Aug22 |
Aug23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.90 |
-2.31 |
-2.28 |
-2.41 |
-2.62 |
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Clicks Group Semi-Annual Data
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Feb14 |
Aug14 |
Feb15 |
Aug15 |
Feb16 |
Aug16 |
Feb17 |
Aug17 |
Feb18 |
Aug18 |
Feb19 |
Aug19 |
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Aug20 |
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Aug21 |
Feb22 |
Aug22 |
Feb23 |
Aug23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.28 |
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-2.41 |
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-2.62 |
Competitive Comparison of Clicks Group's Beneish M-Score
For the Pharmaceutical Retailers subindustry, Clicks Group's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Clicks Group's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Healthcare Providers & Services Industry
For the Healthcare Providers & Services industry and Healthcare sector, Clicks Group's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Clicks Group's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Clicks Group Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Clicks Group for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9782 | + | 0.528 * 0.9519 | + | 0.404 * 1.1355 | + | 0.892 * 0.9345 | + | 0.115 * 0.9853 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1 | + | 4.679 * -0.040586 | - | 0.327 * 1.0118 |
| = | -2.72 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Aug23) TTM: | Last Year (Aug22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $162 Mil.
Revenue was $2,217 Mil.
Gross Profit was $496 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $630 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,014 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $301 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $81 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $575 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $115 Mil.
Net Income was $135 Mil.
Gross Profit was $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $176 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $178 Mil.
Revenue was $2,372 Mil.
Gross Profit was $505 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $682 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,071 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $312 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $82 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $595 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $125 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (162.325 / 2216.962) | / | (177.572 / 2372.306) |
| = | 0.07322 | / | 0.074852 |
| | = | 0.9782 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (505.313 / 2372.306) | / | (496.098 / 2216.962) |
| = | 0.213005 | / | 0.223774 |
| | = | 0.9519 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (630.32 + 300.542) / 1013.884) | / | (1 - (681.532 + 311.783) / 1070.516) |
| = | 0.081885 | / | 0.072116 |
| | = | 1.1355 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 2216.962 | / | 2372.306 |
| | = | 0.9345 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (82.375 / (82.375 + 311.783)) | / | (80.91 / (80.91 + 300.542)) |
| = | 0.20899 | / | 0.212111 |
| | = | 0.9853 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 2216.962) | / | (0 / 2372.306) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((114.651 + 575.239) / 1013.884) | / | ((125.109 + 594.839) / 1070.516) |
| = | 0.680443 | / | 0.672524 |
| | = | 1.0118 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (135.16 - 0 | - | 176.31) | / | 1013.884 |
| | = | -0.040586 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Clicks Group has a M-score of -2.72 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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