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Triona AB (FRA:RQ2) Beneish M-Score : -1.94 (As of Jun. 14, 2024)


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What is Triona AB Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -1.94 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Triona AB's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

FRA:RQ2' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -2.46   Med: -2.09   Max: -1.94
Current: -1.94

During the past 4 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Triona AB was -1.94. The lowest was -2.46. And the median was -2.09.


Triona AB Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Triona AB's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Triona AB Beneish M-Score Chart

Triona AB Annual Data
Trend Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23
Beneish M-Score
- - - -2.09

Triona AB Quarterly Data
Dec20 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only - - -2.46 -2.09 -1.94

Competitive Comparison of Triona AB's Beneish M-Score

For the Information Technology Services subindustry, Triona AB's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Triona AB's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry

For the Software industry and Technology sector, Triona AB's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Triona AB's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Triona AB Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Triona AB for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 1.4409+0.528 * 1.1563+0.404 * 0.8351+0.892 * 0.9626+0.115 * 0.984
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 1+4.679 * 0.03039-0.327 * 0.9863
=-1.95

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Mar24) TTM:Last Year (Mar23) TTM:
Total Receivables was €5.53 Mil.
Revenue was 6.282 + 6.45 + 5.027 + 5.518 = €23.28 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1.406 + 1.524 + 1.795 + 1.31 = €6.04 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €8.41 Mil.
Total Assets was €12.83 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €0.50 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €0.94 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €0.00 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €5.98 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €0.62 Mil.
Net Income was 0.076 + 0.015 + 0.477 + 0.002 = €0.57 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = €0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 0.889 + 0.355 + -0.627 + -0.437 = €0.18 Mil.
Total Receivables was €3.98 Mil.
Revenue was 6.332 + 6.29 + 5.311 + 6.248 = €24.18 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1.99 + 1.836 + 1.809 + 1.614 = €7.25 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €7.69 Mil.
Total Assets was €12.97 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €0.54 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €0.96 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €0.00 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €5.78 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €0.98 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(5.526 / 23.277) / (3.984 / 24.181)
=0.237402 / 0.164757
=1.4409

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(7.249 / 24.181) / (6.035 / 23.277)
=0.299781 / 0.259269
=1.1563

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (8.408 + 0.504) / 12.833) / (1 - (7.685 + 0.541) / 12.972)
=0.30554 / 0.365865
=0.8351

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=23.277 / 24.181
=0.9626

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(0.964 / (0.964 + 0.541)) / (0.94 / (0.94 + 0.504))
=0.640532 / 0.65097
=0.984

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(0 / 23.277) / (0 / 24.181)
=0 / 0
=1

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((0.619 + 5.98) / 12.833) / ((0.981 + 5.782) / 12.972)
=0.514221 / 0.521354
=0.9863

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(0.57 - 0 - 0.18) / 12.833
=0.03039

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Triona AB has a M-score of -1.95 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Triona AB Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Triona AB (FRA:RQ2) Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
Address
Box 762, Borlange, SWE, S-781 27
Triona AB is a leading and reliable supplier of innovative IT solutions related to logistics and infrastructure-oriented businesses.

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