Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart
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Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings Annual Data
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Mar14 |
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Mar19 |
Mar20 |
Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Mar23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.20 |
-1.10 |
-3.02 |
-2.09 |
-1.86 |
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Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings Semi-Annual Data
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Mar14 |
Sep14 |
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Sep23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.09 |
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-1.86 |
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Competitive Comparison of Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings's Beneish M-Score
For the Drug Manufacturers - Specialty & Generic subindustry, Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Drug Manufacturers Industry
For the Drug Manufacturers industry and Healthcare sector, Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0911 | + | 0.528 * 1.1839 | + | 0.404 * 1.0569 | + | 0.892 * 0.9818 | + | 0.115 * 0.9177 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8557 | + | 4.679 * 0.088648 | - | 0.327 * 0.9843 |
| = | -1.86 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar23) TTM: | Last Year (Mar22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$47.23 Mil.
Revenue was HK$72.58 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$31.14 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$178.66 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$1,444.87 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$136.54 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$8.80 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$42.42 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$57.01 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$101.91 Mil.
Net Income was HK$129.27 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$1.18 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$44.09 Mil.
Revenue was HK$73.93 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$37.56 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$194.38 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$1,317.10 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$148.39 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$8.73 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$50.50 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$64.06 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$83.11 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (47.232 / 72.577) | / | (44.092 / 73.925) |
| = | 0.650785 | / | 0.596442 |
| | = | 1.0911 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (37.556 / 73.925) | / | (31.143 / 72.577) |
| = | 0.508028 | / | 0.429103 |
| | = | 1.1839 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (178.663 + 136.544) / 1444.874) | / | (1 - (194.382 + 148.39) / 1317.101) |
| = | 0.781845 | / | 0.739753 |
| | = | 1.0569 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 72.577 | / | 73.925 |
| | = | 0.9818 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (8.727 / (8.727 + 148.39)) | / | (8.797 / (8.797 + 136.544)) |
| = | 0.055545 | / | 0.060527 |
| | = | 0.9177 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (42.421 / 72.577) | / | (50.498 / 73.925) |
| = | 0.584496 | / | 0.683098 |
| | = | 0.8557 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((101.908 + 57.014) / 1444.874) | / | ((83.113 + 64.063) / 1317.101) |
| = | 0.10999 | / | 0.111742 |
| | = | 0.9843 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (129.265 - 0 | - | 1.18) | / | 1444.874 |
| | = | 0.088648 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Extrawell Pharmaceutical Holdings has a M-score of -1.86 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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