WK Kellogg Co Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for WK Kellogg Co's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
WK Kellogg Co Beneish M-Score Chart
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WK Kellogg Co Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
- |
-2.91 |
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WK Kellogg Co Quarterly Data
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Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
Mar24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
- |
-2.91 |
-2.57 |
Competitive Comparison of WK Kellogg Co's Beneish M-Score
For the Packaged Foods subindustry, WK Kellogg Co's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
WK Kellogg Co's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Consumer Packaged Goods Industry
For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry and Consumer Defensive sector, WK Kellogg Co's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where WK Kellogg Co's Beneish M-Score falls into.
WK Kellogg Co Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of WK Kellogg Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.1382 | + | 0.528 * 0.8612 | + | 0.404 * 3.1167 | + | 0.892 * 0.9789 | + | 0.115 * 1.0722 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0853 | + | 4.679 * -0.171081 | - | 0.327 * 1.535 |
| = | -2.57 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $244 Mil.
Revenue was 707 + 651 + 692 + 683 = $2,733 Mil.
Gross Profit was 203 + 186 + 196 + 197 = $782 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $664 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,888 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $735 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $68 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $664 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $789 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $484 Mil.
Net Income was 33 + 15 + 42 + 18 = $108 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 6 + 10 + 38 + 7 = $61 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 10 + 238 + 44 + 78 = $370 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $219 Mil.
Revenue was 720 + 677 + 705 + 690 = $2,792 Mil.
Gross Profit was 180 + 166 + 174 + 168 = $688 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $602 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,432 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $711 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $71 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $625 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $624 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $5 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (244 / 2733) | / | (219 / 2792) |
| = | 0.089279 | / | 0.078438 |
| | = | 1.1382 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (688 / 2792) | / | (782 / 2733) |
| = | 0.246418 | / | 0.286132 |
| | = | 0.8612 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (664 + 735) / 1888) | / | (1 - (602 + 711) / 1432) |
| = | 0.259004 | / | 0.083101 |
| | = | 3.1167 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 2733 | / | 2792 |
| | = | 0.9789 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (71 / (71 + 711)) | / | (68 / (68 + 735)) |
| = | 0.090793 | / | 0.084682 |
| | = | 1.0722 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (664 / 2733) | / | (625 / 2792) |
| = | 0.242956 | / | 0.223854 |
| | = | 1.0853 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((484 + 789) / 1888) | / | ((5 + 624) / 1432) |
| = | 0.674258 | / | 0.439246 |
| | = | 1.535 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (108 - 61 | - | 370) | / | 1888 |
| | = | -0.171081 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
WK Kellogg Co has a M-score of -2.57 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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