Q2 Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Q2 Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Q2 Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart
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Q2 Holdings Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.30 |
-2.41 |
-2.67 |
-2.91 |
-3.09 |
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Q2 Holdings Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.91 |
-2.78 |
-3.07 |
-3.13 |
-3.09 |
Competitive Comparison of Q2 Holdings's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Application subindustry, Q2 Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Q2 Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Q2 Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Q2 Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Q2 Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Q2 Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8478 | + | 0.528 * 0.9353 | + | 0.404 * 1.0841 | + | 0.892 * 1.1042 | + | 0.115 * 0.8063 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0099 | + | 4.679 * -0.121944 | - | 0.327 * 0.9054 |
| = | -3.09 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $52.1 Mil.
Revenue was 162.118 + 154.967 + 154.531 + 153.008 = $624.6 Mil.
Gross Profit was 81.393 + 74.133 + 73.828 + 73.297 = $302.7 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $428.0 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,201.4 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $76.6 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $71.7 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $221.7 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $191.6 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $536.1 Mil.
Net Income was -18.079 + -23.167 + -23.622 + -0.516 = $-65.4 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -3.399 + -3.306 + -2.321 + 19.857 = $10.8 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 36.577 + 16.753 + 13.068 + 3.894 = $70.3 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $55.6 Mil.
Revenue was 146.542 + 144.751 + 140.309 + 134.071 = $565.7 Mil.
Gross Profit was 66.202 + 66.856 + 62.888 + 60.399 = $256.3 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $531.1 Mil.
Total Assets was $1,349.7 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $96.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $61.7 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $198.8 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $192.0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $710.8 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (52.092 / 624.624) | / | (55.644 / 565.673) |
| = | 0.083397 | / | 0.098368 |
| | = | 0.8478 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (256.345 / 565.673) | / | (302.651 / 624.624) |
| = | 0.453168 | / | 0.484533 |
| | = | 0.9353 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (427.964 + 76.631) / 1201.425) | / | (1 - (531.076 + 96.532) / 1349.726) |
| = | 0.580003 | / | 0.535011 |
| | = | 1.0841 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 624.624 | / | 565.673 |
| | = | 1.1042 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (61.659 / (61.659 + 96.532)) | / | (71.707 / (71.707 + 76.631)) |
| = | 0.389776 | / | 0.483403 |
| | = | 0.8063 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (221.669 / 624.624) | / | (198.785 / 565.673) |
| = | 0.354884 | / | 0.351413 |
| | = | 1.0099 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((536.052 + 191.563) / 1201.425) | / | ((710.78 + 192.042) / 1349.726) |
| = | 0.605627 | / | 0.668893 |
| | = | 0.9054 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-65.384 - 10.831 | - | 70.292) | / | 1201.425 |
| | = | -0.121944 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Q2 Holdings has a M-score of -3.09 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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