KT&G Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for KT&G's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
KT&G Beneish M-Score Chart
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KT&G Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.30 |
-2.41 |
-2.64 |
-2.13 |
-2.60 |
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KT&G Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.13 |
-1.91 |
-1.97 |
-2.44 |
-2.60 |
Competitive Comparison of KT&G's Beneish M-Score
For the Tobacco subindustry, KT&G's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
KT&G's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Tobacco Products Industry
For the Tobacco Products industry and Consumer Defensive sector, KT&G's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where KT&G's Beneish M-Score falls into.
KT&G Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of KT&G for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0126 | + | 0.528 * 1.0562 | + | 0.404 * 1.0354 | + | 0.892 * 1.0019 | + | 0.115 * 1.0615 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9635 | + | 4.679 * -0.028446 | - | 0.327 * 1.1621 |
| = | -2.60 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₩1,830,905 Mil.
Revenue was 1441433.334 + 1689509.562 + 1335994.924 + 1395670.18 = ₩5,862,608 Mil.
Gross Profit was 621909.843 + 827117.638 + 650893.975 + 708293.543 = ₩2,808,215 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₩6,418,374 Mil.
Total Assets was ₩12,772,452 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₩2,145,496 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₩241,073 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₩849,533 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₩2,672,414 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₩497,589 Mil.
Net Income was 117518.556 + 313843.285 + 200798.31 + 270501.849 = ₩902,662 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ₩0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 369878.96 + 764382.854 + 282151.772 + -150420.586 = ₩1,265,993 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₩1,804,693 Mil.
Revenue was 1406742.862 + 1624596.55 + 1417499.092 + 1402567.496 = ₩5,851,406 Mil.
Gross Profit was 672155.719 + 832929.312 + 726315.683 + 728839.286 = ₩2,960,240 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₩6,509,585 Mil.
Total Assets was ₩12,301,716 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₩1,877,285 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₩225,455 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₩880,060 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₩2,527,315 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₩99,858 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1830905 / 5862608) | / | (1804693 / 5851406) |
| = | 0.312302 | / | 0.30842 |
| | = | 1.0126 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2960240 / 5851406) | / | (2808214.999 / 5862608) |
| = | 0.505902 | / | 0.479004 |
| | = | 1.0562 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (6418374 + 2145496) / 12772452) | / | (1 - (6509585 + 1877285) / 12301716) |
| = | 0.329505 | / | 0.318236 |
| | = | 1.0354 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 5862608 | / | 5851406 |
| | = | 1.0019 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (225455 / (225455 + 1877285)) | / | (241073 / (241073 + 2145496)) |
| = | 0.10722 | / | 0.101012 |
| | = | 1.0615 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (849532.999 / 5862608) | / | (880060 / 5851406) |
| = | 0.144907 | / | 0.150401 |
| | = | 0.9635 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((497589 + 2672414) / 12772452) | / | ((99858 + 2527315) / 12301716) |
| = | 0.248191 | / | 0.213562 |
| | = | 1.1621 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (902662 - 0 | - | 1265993) | / | 12772452 |
| | = | -0.028446 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
KT&G has a M-score of -2.60 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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