Groupe Cioa Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Groupe Cioa's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Groupe Cioa Beneish M-Score Chart
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Groupe Cioa Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
- |
-2.90 |
-1.67 |
-2.72 |
-1.54 |
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Groupe Cioa Semi-Annual Data
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Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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|
- |
-2.90 |
-1.67 |
-2.72 |
-1.54 |
Competitive Comparison of Groupe Cioa's Beneish M-Score
For the Consulting Services subindustry, Groupe Cioa's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Groupe Cioa's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Business Services Industry
For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, Groupe Cioa's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Groupe Cioa's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Groupe Cioa Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Groupe Cioa for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.1086 | + | 0.528 * 2.1111 | + | 0.404 * 0.9152 | + | 0.892 * 1.0996 | + | 0.115 * 1.8297 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.5586 | + | 4.679 * 0.015503 | - | 0.327 * 1.1413 |
| = | -1.54 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec22) TTM: | Last Year (Dec21) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €17,764 Mil.
Revenue was €15,650 Mil.
Gross Profit was €5,518 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €21,663 Mil.
Total Assets was €31,517 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €676 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €802 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €1,593 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €10,389 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €8,589 Mil.
Net Income was €489 Mil.
Gross Profit was €0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was €0 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €14,572 Mil.
Revenue was €14,232 Mil.
Gross Profit was €10,595 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €16,751 Mil.
Total Assets was €24,582 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €9 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €1,263 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €2,594 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €8,064 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €4,904 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (17763.63 / 15649.534) | / | (14571.936 / 14232.353) |
| = | 1.13509 | / | 1.02386 |
| | = | 1.1086 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (10595.156 / 14232.353) | / | (5518.398 / 15649.534) |
| = | 0.744442 | / | 0.352624 |
| | = | 2.1111 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (21662.647 + 675.779) / 31517.17) | / | (1 - (16750.864 + 8.852) / 24581.98) |
| = | 0.29123 | / | 0.318211 |
| | = | 0.9152 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 15649.534 | / | 14232.353 |
| | = | 1.0996 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1263.384 / (1263.384 + 8.852)) | / | (802.109 / (802.109 + 675.779)) |
| = | 0.993042 | / | 0.54274 |
| | = | 1.8297 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1593.098 / 15649.534) | / | (2593.71 / 14232.353) |
| = | 0.101798 | / | 0.18224 |
| | = | 0.5586 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((8588.641 + 10388.798) / 31517.17) | / | ((4904.156 + 8064.305) / 24581.98) |
| = | 0.60213 | / | 0.52756 |
| | = | 1.1413 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (488.614 - 0 | - | 0) | / | 31517.17 |
| | = | 0.015503 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Groupe Cioa has a M-score of -1.54 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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