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Repro India (NSE:REPRO) Earnings Power Value (EPV) : ₹-75.04 (As of Dec24)


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What is Repro India Earnings Power Value (EPV)?

As of Dec24, Repro India's earnings power value is ₹-75.04. *

* GuruFocus does not store EPV value into our database if Average Maintenance CAPEX is 0.

Margin of Safety is N/A.

The basic concept of EPV is that one should value a stock based on the current free cash flow of a company and not on future projections which may, or may not, come true. It is arguably a better way to analyze stocks than Discounted Cash Flow analysis that relies on highly speculative growth assumptions many years into the future. Assumption: Current profitability is sustainable.


Repro India Earnings Power Value (EPV) Historical Data

The historical data trend for Repro India's Earnings Power Value (EPV) can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Repro India Earnings Power Value (EPV) Chart

Repro India Annual Data
Trend Mar15 Mar16 Mar17 Mar18 Mar19 Mar20 Mar21 Mar22 Mar23 Mar24
Earnings Power Value (EPV)
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Repro India Quarterly Data
Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24 Jun24 Sep24 Dec24
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Competitive Comparison of Repro India's Earnings Power Value (EPV)

For the Specialty Business Services subindustry, Repro India's Earnings Power Value (EPV), along with its competitors' market caps and Earnings Power Value (EPV) data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Repro India's Earnings Power Value (EPV) Distribution in the Business Services Industry

For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, Repro India's Earnings Power Value (EPV) distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Repro India's Earnings Power Value (EPV) falls into.


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Repro India Earnings Power Value (EPV) Calculation

Earnings Power Value also known as just Earnings Power is a valuation technique popularised by Bruce Greenwald, an authority on value investing at Columbia University. It is arguably a better way to analyze stocks than Discounted Cash Flow analysis that relies on highly speculative growth assumptions many years into the future.

The basic concept of EPV is that one should value a stock based on the current free cash flow of a company and not on future projections which may, or may not, come true. This valuation tool excludes the potential growth that a company may have so that needs to be looked at separately. Since future growth is excluded from the analysis, only the maintenance capital expenditures are subtracted from after-tax EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) and growth capex is ignored.

Repro India's "Earning Power" Calculation:

Average of Last 20 Quarters Last Quarter
Revenue 3,376
DDA 274
Operating Margin % -3.30
SGA * 25% 0
Tax Rate % 5.81
Maintenance Capex 0
Cash and Cash Equivalents 0
Short-Term Debt 0
Long-Term Debt 0
Shares Outstanding (Diluted) 14

1. Start with "Earnings" not including accounting adjustments (one-time charges not excluded unless policy has changed). "Earnings" are "Operating Income.

2. Look at average margins over a business/Industry cycle: Average Operating Margin = -3.30%

To normalize margins and eliminate the effects on profitability of valuing the firm at different points in the business cycle, it is usually best to take a long-term average of operating margins. Ideally this would be as long as 10 years and include at least one economic downturn. However, since most of companies do not have as long as 10-year history, here GuruFocus uses the latest 5 years data to do the calculation. To smooth out unusual years but reflect recent developments, we take an average of the 5 year margin.

3. Multiply average margins by sustainable revenues and then adjust for maintenance SGA. This yields "normalized" EBIT:

To be conservative, GuruFocus uses an average of the 5 year revenues as the sustainable revenue.
EPV analysis recognises that part of SG&A expenditure is made to maintain and replace the existing assets, while part is made to grow sales. Since EPV is only interested in what it costs a going concern to maintain its existing asset base, it adds back a percentage of SG&A (between 15% and 50% - this is a matter of judgment and industry knowledge) to make up for the fact that some of this expenditure went to fund growth and shouldn't be accounted for. To start off, we assume 25% for the sake of prudence.
Sustainable Revenue = ₹3,376 Mil, Average Operating Margin = -3.30%, Average Adjusted SGA = 0,
therefore "Normalized" EBIT = Sustainable Revenue * Average Operating Margin + Average Adjusted SGA = 3,376 * -3.30% +0 = ₹-111.24934201 Mil.

4. Multiply by one minus Average Tax Rate (NOPAT):

Same as average operating margin calculation, GuruFocus takes an average of the 5 years tax rates.
Average Tax Rate = 5.81%, and "Normalized" EBIT = ₹-111.24934201 Mil,
therefore After-tax "Normalized" EBIT = "Normalized" EBIT * ( 1 - Average Tax Rate ) = -111.24934201 * ( 1 - 5.81% ) = ₹-104.78297400567 Mil.

5. Add back Excess Depreciation (after tax at 1/2 average tax rate). This yields "normalized" Earnings:

Excess Depreciation = Average DDA * % of Excess Depreciation (after tax at 1/2 average tax rate) = 274 * 0.5 * 5.81% = ₹7.9611080625 Mil.
"Normalized" Earnings = After-tax "Normalized" EBIT + Excess Depreciation = -104.78297400567 + 7.9611080625 = ₹-96.821865943169 Mil.

6. Adjusted for Maintenance Capital Expenditure:

First, calculate the revenue change regarding to the previous year. If the revenue decreased from the previous year, then the Maintenance Capital Expenditure = Capital Expenditure (positive).
Second, if the revenue increased from the previous year, then calculate the percentage of Net PPE as of corresponding Revenue.
Third, calculate Capital Expenditure (positive) - percentage of Net PPE as of corresponding Revenue * revenue increase.
If [Capital Expenditure (positive) - percentage of Net PPE as of corresponding Revenue * revenue increase] was negative, then the Maintenance Capital Expenditure = Capital Expenditure (positive).
If [Capital Expenditure (positive) - percentage of Net PPE as of corresponding Revenue * revenue increase] was positive, then the Maintenance Capital Expenditure = Capital Expenditure (positive) - percentage of Net PPE as of corresponding Revenue * revenue increase.
Fourth, GuruFocus uses an average of the 5 year maintenance capital expenditures as maintenance CAPEX.
Repro India's Average Maintenance CAPEX = ₹0 Mil *.
* GuruFocus does not store EPV value into our database if Average Maintenance CAPEX is 0.

7. Investors require a return of "WACC" for the risk they are taking: WACC = 9%

8. Repro India's current cash and cash equivalent = ₹0 Mil.
Repro India's current interest bearing debt = Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation + Short-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation = 0 + 0 = ₹0 Mil.
Repro India's current Shares Outstanding (Diluted Average) = 14 Mil.

Repro India's Earnings Power Value (EPV) for Dec24 is calculated as:

EPV = ( ( Norm. Earnings-Maint. CAPEX *) / WACC + CashandEquiv - Int. Bearing Debt ) / Shares Outstanding (Diluted Average)
= ( ( -96.821865943169 - 0)/ 9%+0-0 )/14
=-75.04

Margin of Safety (EPV)=( Earnings Power Value (EPV)-Current Price )/Earnings Power Value (EPV)
=( -75.036514645997-422.40 )/-75.036514645997
= N/A

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* GuruFocus does not store EPV value into our database if Average Maintenance CAPEX is 0.


Repro India  (NSE:REPRO) Earnings Power Value (EPV) Explanation

Assumption: Current profitability is sustainable.

Earnings power value (EPV) uses a very basic equation which assumes no growth, although it does rely on an assumption about the cost of capital as well as the fact that current earnings are sustainable. It also involves several adjustments to clean up the underlying Earnings figures.


Be Aware

Though using today's earnings in calculating Earnings Power Value, GuruFocus is normalizing these earnings to the business cycle. This eliminates the effects on profitability of valuing the firm at different points in the business cycle. This means that we are considering the average earnings over 5 years.


Repro India Earnings Power Value (EPV) Related Terms

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Repro India Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
Address
Senapati Bapat Marg, 11th Floor, Sun Paradise Business Plaza, B Wing, Lower Parel, Mumbai, MH, IND, 400 013
Repro India Ltd is a provider of content, print, and fulfillment solutions, which mainly include value engineering, creative designing, pre-press, printing, post-press, knitting and assembly, warehousing, dispatch, database management, sourcing and procurement, localization, and web-based services. The company caters to its customers through the Publisher segment which focuses on providing bulk printing services and other associated services to the publishers; and the Retail segment which serves retail customers through various channel partners. It has only one business segment namely Value Added Print Solutions. Geographically, the company derives the majority of its revenue from India.

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