The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
Metalpha Technology Holding Piotroski F-Score Related Terms
Metalpha Technology Holding Piotroski F-Score Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:D92 vs HGBL, GSIW, PLUT: Piotroski F-Score Comparison
For the Capital Markets subindustry, Metalpha Technology Holding's Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Metalpha Technology Holding Piotroski F-Score vs Capital Markets Industry
For the Capital Markets industry and Financial Services sector, Metalpha Technology Holding's Piotroski F-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Metalpha Technology Holding's Piotroski F-Score falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Metalpha Technology Holding's current Net Income (TTM) was 14.70.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Metalpha Technology Holding's current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was 0.07.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 3. Change in Return on Assets
Compare this year's return on assets (1) to last year's return on assets.
Metalpha Technology Holding's return on assets of this year was 0.09147013. Metalpha Technology Holding's return on assets of last year was -0.0646276.
==> This year is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 4. Quality of Earnings (Accrual)
Compare Cash flow return on assets (2) to return on assets (1)
Metalpha Technology Holding's gearing of this year was 0.00010797. Metalpha Technology Holding's gearing of last year was 0.
==> Last year is lower than this year ==> Score 0.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Metalpha Technology Holding's current ratio of this year was 1.17263123. Metalpha Technology Holding's current ratio of last year was 1.10617745.
==> This year's current ratio is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
Metalpha Technology Holding's number of shares in issue this year was 38.549. Metalpha Technology Holding's number of shares in issue last year was 34.706.
==> There is larger number of shares in issue this year. ==> Score 0.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
Metalpha Technology Holding's gross margin of this year was 0.43661459. Metalpha Technology Holding's gross margin of last year was 0.26830059.
==> This year's gross margin is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Metalpha Technology Holding's asset turnover of this year was 0.25646226. Metalpha Technology Holding's asset turnover of last year was 0.29446131.
==> Last year's asset turnover is higher ==> Score 0.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score
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5
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
Metalpha Technology Holding has an F-score of 5 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
Metalpha Technology Holding (FRA:D92) has a Piotroski F-Score of 5 as of Jul. 12, 2026. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Metalpha Technology Holding and its competitors. This is 25% above median its historical median of 4.00. Over the past decade, Metalpha Technology Holding's Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 1.00 to 9.00. According to the industry distribution chart, Metalpha Technology Holding ranks #279 out of 785 companies in the Capital Markets industry, placing it in the top 35.5%.
Is Metalpha Technology Holding's Piotroski F-Score too high?
Metalpha Technology Holding's current Piotroski F-Score of 5 is 25% above median its 10-year median of 4.00. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 1.00 to a high of 9.00. The Capital Markets industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Metalpha Technology Holding's value of 5 is 0% at this industry median. Based on the distribution chart, Metalpha Technology Holding ranks #279 out of 785 companies in the Capital Markets industry, which is above the industry midpoint. Overall, Metalpha Technology Holding has a GF Score™ of 42/100, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Metalpha Technology Holding's Piotroski F-Score compare to HGBL and GSIW?
According to the Capital Markets industry distribution chart, Metalpha Technology Holding ranks #279 out of 785 companies for Piotroski F-Score. This puts Metalpha Technology Holding in the upper half of its industry. The industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Metalpha Technology Holding's value of 5 is 0% at this benchmark. Historically, Metalpha Technology Holding's own Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 1.00 to 9.00 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 4.00 vs. the industry median of 5.00, Metalpha Technology Holding has consistently been at the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Piotroski F-Score for a Capital Markets company?
The median Piotroski F-Score among Capital Markets companies is 5.00, based on 785 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Piotroski F-Score significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Piotroski F-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Metalpha Technology Holding's current Piotroski F-Score of 5 is 0% at the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Piotroski F-Score mean?
A high Piotroski F-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Metalpha Technology Holding and its competitors. For the Capital Markets industry, the median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Metalpha Technology Holding's current Piotroski F-Score is 5, which is 25% above median its own 10-year median of 4.00. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Metalpha Technology Holding stock overvalued right now?
Metalpha Technology Holding (FRA:D92) has a current Piotroski F-Score of 5. The stock's GF Value™ is €1.81, compared to a current price of €0.78 — trading 56.9% below its estimated fair value. The current Piotroski F-Score is 5, which is 25% above median its 10-year median of 4.00 and 0% at the Capital Markets industry median of 5.00. Metalpha Technology Holding's overall GF Score™ is 42/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Piotroski F-Score calculated?
Piotroski F-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Metalpha Technology Holding (FRA:D92), the current Piotroski F-Score is 5 as of Jul. 12, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Metalpha Technology Holding (FRA:D92) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Metalpha Technology Holding stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €0.78 is trading 56.9% below its estimated GF Value™ of €1.81.
Key valuation signals for FRA:D92:
Piotroski F-Score: 5 (25% above median its 10-year median of 4.00)
GF Value™: €1.81 vs. price of €0.78 (56.9% below fair value)
Industry Position: 0% at the Capital Markets median (#279 of 785)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:D92 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Metalpha Technology Holding Ltd is a digital asset focused wealth management company. The company predominantly generates revenue from the execution of cryptocurrency-related transactions, which includes the issuance of derivative products to over-the-counter (OTC) clients and its proprietary trading activities. It has partnered with a crypto exchange to provide crypto derivative market-making services for its clients, facilitating the trading of crypto derivative products. In addition, the company also engages in providing traditional financial derivative products, and asset management services. It operates in a single segment which is the trading of proprietary digital assets and derivative contracts, and generates majority of its revenue from Hong Kong.
42GF Score
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Piotroski F-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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