The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
LDP vs NMCO, MHD, FAX: Piotroski F-Score Comparison
For the Asset Management subindustry, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, Piotroski F-Score vs Asset Management Industry
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s current Net Income (TTM) was 64.40.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was 45.57.
==> Positive ==> Score 1.
Question 3. Change in Return on Assets
Compare this year's return on assets (1) to last year's return on assets.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s return on assets of this year was 0.06751195. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s return on assets of last year was 0.09250544.
==> Last year is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 4. Quality of Earnings (Accrual)
Compare Cash flow return on assets (2) to return on assets (1)
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s gearing of this year was 0.32697802. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s gearing of last year was 0.33599982.
==> This year is lower or equal to last year. ==> Score 1.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
* Note that for banks and insurance companies, there's no Total Current Assets and Total Current Liabilities reported. Thus, we use Total Assets and Total Liabilities to calculate current ratio for banks and insurance companies.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s current ratio of this year was 3.06295201. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s current ratio of last year was 3.00540956.
==> This year's current ratio is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s number of shares in issue this year was 29.141. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s number of shares in issue last year was 29.08.
==> There is larger number of shares in issue this year. ==> Score 0.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
* Note that for banks and insurance companies, there's no Gross Profit reported. Thus, we use net income instead of gross profit and calculate Net Margin for this score.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s net margin of this year was 0.98446887. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s net margin of last year was 0.98858323.
==> Last year's net margin is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s asset turnover of this year was 0.06857703. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s asset turnover of last year was 0.09357375.
==> Last year's asset turnover is higher ==> Score 0.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score
=
Que. 1
+
Que. 2
+
Que. 3
+
Que. 4
+
Que. 5
+
Que. 6
+
Que. 7
+
Que. 8
+
Que. 9
=
1
+
1
+
0
+
0
+
1
+
1
+
0
+
0
+
0
=
4
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, has an F-score of 4 indicating the company's financial situation is typical for a stable company.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, (LDP) has a Piotroski F-Score of 4 as of Jun. 25, 2026. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, and its competitors. This is 33% below median its historical median of 6.00. Over the past decade, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 3.00 to 7.00. According to the industry distribution chart, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, ranks #907 out of 1601 companies in the Asset Management industry, placing it in the top 56.7%.
Is Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s Piotroski F-Score too high?
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s current Piotroski F-Score of 4 is 33% below median its 10-year median of 6.00. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 3.00 to a high of 7.00. The Asset Management industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s value of 4 is 20% below this industry median. Based on the distribution chart, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, ranks #907 out of 1601 companies in the Asset Management industry, which is below the industry midpoint. Overall, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, has a GF Score™ of 54/100 and is considered Fairly Valued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s Piotroski F-Score compare to NMCO and MHD?
According to the Asset Management industry distribution chart, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, ranks #907 out of 1601 companies for Piotroski F-Score. This places Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s value of 4 is 20% below this benchmark. Historically, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s own Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 3.00 to 7.00 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 6.00 vs. the industry median of 5.00, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, has consistently been below the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Piotroski F-Score for an Asset Management company?
The median Piotroski F-Score among Asset Management companies is 5.00, based on 1,601 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Piotroski F-Score significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Piotroski F-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s current Piotroski F-Score of 4 is 20% below the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Piotroski F-Score mean?
A high Piotroski F-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, and its competitors. For the Asset Management industry, the median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s current Piotroski F-Score is 4, which is 33% below median its own 10-year median of 6.00. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, (LDP) is currently considered Fairly Valued. The stock's GF Value™ is $20.56, compared to a current price of $20.80 — trading 1.1% above its estimated fair value. The current Piotroski F-Score is 4, which is 33% below median its 10-year median of 6.00 and 20% below the Asset Management industry median of 5.00. Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund,'s overall GF Score™ is 54/100 with 8 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Piotroski F-Score calculated?
Piotroski F-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, (LDP), the current Piotroski F-Score is 4 as of Jun. 25, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, (LDP) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of $20.80 is trading 1.1% above its estimated GF Value™ of $20.56.
GuruFocus considers Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, to be Fairly Valued.
Key valuation signals for LDP:
Piotroski F-Score: 4 (33% below median its 10-year median of 6.00)
GF Value™: $20.56 vs. price of $20.80 (1.1% above fair value)
Industry Position: 20% below the Asset Management median (#907 of 1601)
No single metric tells the full story. See the LDP stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Cohen & Steers Duration Preferred &ome Fund, Business Description
Cohen & Steers Ltd Duration Preferred & Income Fund, Inc. is a diversified closed-end management investment company. Its primary investment objective is high current income and capital appreciation is its secondary investment objective. The Fund invests at least its managed assets in preferred and other income securities issued by U.S. and non-U.S. companies under normal market conditions.
54GF Score
Get the complete analysis for LDP
Piotroski F-Score is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
LDP has been successfully added to your 
