The developer of the system is Joseph D. Piotroski is relatively unknown accounting professor who shuns publicity and rarely gives interviews.
He graduated from the University of Illinois with a B.S. in accounting in 1989, received an M.B.A. from Indiana University in 1994. Five years later, in 1999, after earning a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Michigan, he became an associate professor of accounting at the University of Chicago.
He wanted to see if he can develop a system (using a simple nine-point scoring system) that can increase the returns of a strategy of investing in low price to book (referred to in the paper as high book to market) value companies.
What he found was something that exceeded his most optimistic expectations.
Buying only those companies that scored highest (8 or 9) on his nine-point scale, or F-Score as he called it, over the 20 year period from 1976 to 1996 led to an average out-performance over the market of 13.4%.
Even more impressive were the results of a strategy of investing in the highest F-Score companies (8 or 9) and shorting companies with the lowest F-Score (0 or 1).
Over the same period from 1976 to 1996 (20 years) this strategy led to an average yearly return of 23%, substantially outperforming the average S&P 500 index return of 15.83% over the same period.
Octopus Future Generations VCT Piotroski F-Score Related Terms
Octopus Future Generations VCT Piotroski F-Score Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
For the Asset Management subindustry, Octopus Future Generations VCT's Piotroski F-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Piotroski F-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Octopus Future Generations VCT Piotroski F-Score vs Asset Management Industry
For the Asset Management industry and Financial Services sector, Octopus Future Generations VCT's Piotroski F-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Octopus Future Generations VCT's Piotroski F-Score falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
*Note: If the latest quarterly/semi-annual/annual total assets data is 0, then we will use previous quarterly/semi-annual/annual data for all the items in the balance sheet.
Profitability
Question 1. Return on Assets (ROA)
Net income before extraordinary items for the year divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Octopus Future Generations VCT's current Net Income (TTM) was -1.35.
==> Negative ==> Score 0.
Question 2. Cash Flow Return on Assets (CFROA)
Net cash flow from operating activities (operating cash flow) divided by Total Assets at the beginning of the year.
Score 1 if positive, 0 if negative.
Octopus Future Generations VCT's current Cash Flow from Operations (TTM) was -0.81.
==> Negative ==> Score 0.
Question 3. Change in Return on Assets
Compare this year's return on assets (1) to last year's return on assets.
Octopus Future Generations VCT's return on assets of this year was -0.02943225. Octopus Future Generations VCT's return on assets of last year was -0.02325303.
==> Last year is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 4. Quality of Earnings (Accrual)
Compare Cash flow return on assets (2) to return on assets (1)
Octopus Future Generations VCT's gearing of this year was 0. Octopus Future Generations VCT's gearing of last year was 0.
==> This year is lower or equal to last year. ==> Score 1.
Question 6. Change in Working Capital (Liquidity)
Compare this year's current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) to last year's current ratio.
Score 1 if this year's current ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
* Note that for banks and insurance companies, there's no Total Current Assets and Total Current Liabilities reported. Thus, we use Total Assets and Total Liabilities to calculate current ratio for banks and insurance companies.
Octopus Future Generations VCT's current ratio of this year was 418.06034483. Octopus Future Generations VCT's current ratio of last year was 88.67953668.
==> This year's current ratio is higher. ==> Score 1.
Question 7. Change in Shares in Issue
Compare the number of shares in issue this year, to the number in issue last year.
Score 0 if there is larger number of shares in issue this year, 1 otherwise.
Octopus Future Generations VCT's number of shares in issue this year was 58.148. Octopus Future Generations VCT's number of shares in issue last year was 40.988.
==> There is larger number of shares in issue this year. ==> Score 0.
Efficiency
Question 8. Change in Gross Margin
Compare this year's gross margin (Gross Profit divided by sales) to last year's.
Score 1 if this year's gross margin is higher, 0 if it's lower.
* Note that for banks and insurance companies, there's no Gross Profit reported. Thus, we use net income instead of gross profit and calculate Net Margin for this score.
Octopus Future Generations VCT's net margin of this year was 1.76271186. Octopus Future Generations VCT's net margin of last year was 2.79856115.
==> Last year's net margin is higher ==> Score 0.
Question 9. Change in asset turnover
Compare this year's asset turnover (total sales for the year divided by total assets at the beginning of the year) to last year's asset turnover ratio.
Score 1 if this year's asset turnover ratio is higher, 0 if it's lower
Octopus Future Generations VCT's asset turnover of this year was -0.01669714. Octopus Future Generations VCT's asset turnover of last year was -0.00830892.
==> Last year's asset turnover is higher ==> Score 0.
Evaluation
Piotroski F-Score
=
Que. 1
+
Que. 2
+
Que. 3
+
Que. 4
+
Que. 5
+
Que. 6
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Que. 7
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Que. 8
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Que. 9
=
0
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0
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0
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1
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1
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1
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0
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0
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0
=
3
Good or high score = 7, 8, 9
Bad or low score = 0, 1, 2, 3
Octopus Future Generations VCT has an F-score of 3. It is a bad or low score, which usually implies poor business operation.
Octopus Future Generations VCT (LSE:OFG) has a Piotroski F-Score of 3 as of Jun. 25, 2026. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Octopus Future Generations VCT and its competitors. This is near median its historical median of 3.00. Over the past decade, Octopus Future Generations VCT's Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 3.00 to 3.00.
Is Octopus Future Generations VCT's Piotroski F-Score too high?
Octopus Future Generations VCT's current Piotroski F-Score of 3 is near median its 10-year median of 3.00. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 3.00 to a high of 3.00. The Asset Management industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Octopus Future Generations VCT's value of 3 is 40% below this industry median.
How does Octopus Future Generations VCT's Piotroski F-Score compare to ?
Octopus Future Generations VCT's Piotroski F-Score of 3 can be compared against companies in the Asset Management industry. The industry median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00. Octopus Future Generations VCT's value of 3 is 40% below this benchmark. Historically, Octopus Future Generations VCT's own Piotroski F-Score has ranged from 3.00 to 3.00 over the past decade. While the company's 10-year median is 3.00 vs. the industry median of 5.00, Octopus Future Generations VCT has consistently been below the industry average. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Piotroski F-Score for an Asset Management company?
The median Piotroski F-Score among Asset Management companies is 5.00, based on 1,601 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Piotroski F-Score significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Piotroski F-Score should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Octopus Future Generations VCT's current Piotroski F-Score of 3 is 40% below the industry median. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Piotroski F-Score mean?
A high Piotroski F-Score can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Piotroski F-score grades a company's business operating strength from 0-9. View historical data on Octopus Future Generations VCT and its competitors. For the Asset Management industry, the median Piotroski F-Score is 5.00 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Octopus Future Generations VCT's current Piotroski F-Score is 3, which is near median its own 10-year median of 3.00. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Octopus Future Generations VCT stock overvalued right now?
Octopus Future Generations VCT (LSE:OFG) has a current Piotroski F-Score of 3. The current Piotroski F-Score is 3, which is near median its 10-year median of 3.00 and 40% below the Asset Management industry median of 5.00. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Piotroski F-Score calculated?
Piotroski F-Score is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Octopus Future Generations VCT (LSE:OFG), the current Piotroski F-Score is 3 as of Jun. 25, 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Octopus Future Generations VCT Business Description
Octopus Future Generations VCT PLC is a manager of alternative investments and is engaged in investing in a diversified portfolio of UK smaller companies to generate capital growth over the long term, as well as an attractive tax-free dividend stream. VCT's objective is to provide shareholders with an attractive income and capital return by investing its funds in unquoted companies that meet the relevant criteria for VCTs.
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