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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo was 1.53. The lowest was 0.09. And the median was 0.38.
BSP:MSPA4's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Forest Products industry.
Industry Median: 0.92 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo (BSP:MSPA4) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
35.10
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo Graham Number Related Terms
CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
BSP:MSPA4 vs SSD, UFPI, BCC: Graham Number Comparison
For the Lumber & Wood Production subindustry, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo Price-to-Graham-Number vs Forest Products Industry
For the Forest Products industry and Basic Materials sector, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo (BSP:MSPA4) has a Graham Number of R$N/A as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo and its competitors. Over the past decade, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Graham Number has ranged from 0.09 to 1.53. According to the industry distribution chart, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo ranks #999999 out of 171 companies in the Forest Products industry.
Is CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Graham Number too high?
CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's current Graham Number is R$N/A. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.09 to a high of 1.53. Based on the distribution chart, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo ranks #999999 out of 171 companies in the Forest Products industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo has a GF Score™ of 53/100 and is considered Modestly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's Graham Number compare to SSD and UFPI?
According to the Forest Products industry distribution chart, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo ranks #999999 out of 171 companies for Graham Number. This places CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 0.92. Historically, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's own Graham Number has ranged from 0.09 to 1.53 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Forest Products company?
The median Graham Number among Forest Products companies is 0.92, based on 171 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo and its competitors. For the Forest Products industry, the median Graham Number is 0.92 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's current Graham Number is R$N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo (BSP:MSPA4) is currently considered Modestly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is R$39.87, compared to a current price of R$35.10 — trading 12% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is R$N/A. CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo's overall GF Score™ is 53/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo (BSP:MSPA4), the current Graham Number is R$N/A as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo (BSP:MSPA4) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of R$35.10 is trading 12% below its estimated GF Value™ of R$39.87.
GuruFocus considers CIA Melhoramentos deo Paulo to be Modestly Undervalued.
Key valuation signals for BSP:MSPA4:
Graham Number: R$N/A
GF Value™: R$39.87 vs. price of R$35.10 (12% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the BSP:MSPA4 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
CIA Melhoramentos de Sao Paulo primarily engages in publishing business in Brazil. It offers paperback and digital books primarily for children, teenagers, and schools; cooking books; and customized books for companies. The company also engages in developing and maintaining forests; conducting reforestation activities of pines and eucalyptus; and urban, industrial, or infrastructure projects of real estate development. In addition, it is involved in the production of fibers, such as thermo ground wood, Bleached Thermo Ground Wood and Neolux Fibers, used as raw material for the production of paperboard, tissue and special papers.
53GF Score
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