SAP SECHIX:SAPD 76 Graham Number is €38.46 as of Mar. 2026, which is 100% below its 10-year median of 6.89. GuruFocus rates CHIX:SAPD with a GF Score™ of 76/100 and a GF Value™ of €220.49 (Significantly Undervalued). Among 1,469 Software companies, SAP SE ranks worse than 76.99% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-07-11), the stock price of SAP SE is €137.50. SAP SE's graham number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2026 was €38.46. Therefore, SAP SE's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 3.58.
The historical rank and industry rank for SAP SE's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
CHIX:SAPd'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 3.58 Med: 6.89 Max: 158.59
Current: 3.58
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of SAP SE was 158.59. The lowest was 3.58. And the median was 6.89.
CHIX:SAPd's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked worse than 76.99% of 1469
companies
in the Software industry
Industry Median: 1.85
vs CHIX:SAPd: 3.58
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
SAP SE (CHIX:SAPd) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
SAP SE's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
137.50
/
38.46
=
3.58
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
SAP SE Graham Number Related Terms
SAP SE Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for SAP SE's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
CHIX:SAPD vs UBER, SHOP, CRM: Graham Number Comparison
For the Software - Application subindustry, SAP SE's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
SAP SE Price-to-Graham-Number vs Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, SAP SE's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where SAP SE's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
SAP SE (CHIX:SAPD) has a Graham Number of €38.46 as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on SAP SE and its competitors. This is 458% above median its historical median of 6.89. Over the past decade, SAP SE's Graham Number has ranged from 3.58 to 158.59. According to the industry distribution chart, SAP SE ranks #1131 out of 1469 companies in the Software industry, placing it in the top 77%.
Is SAP SE's Graham Number too high?
SAP SE's current Graham Number of €38.46 is 458% above median its 10-year median of 6.89. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 3.58 to a high of 158.59. Based on the distribution chart, SAP SE ranks #1131 out of 1469 companies in the Software industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, SAP SE has a GF Score™ of 76/100 and is considered Significantly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does SAP SE's Graham Number compare to UBER and SHOP?
According to the Software industry distribution chart, SAP SE ranks #1131 out of 1469 companies for Graham Number. This places SAP SE in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.85. Historically, SAP SE's own Graham Number has ranged from 3.58 to 158.59 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Software company?
The median Graham Number among Software companies is 1.85, based on 1,469 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on SAP SE and its competitors. For the Software industry, the median Graham Number is 1.85 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. SAP SE's current Graham Number is €38.46, which is 458% above median its own 10-year median of 6.89. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is SAP SE stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, SAP SE (CHIX:SAPD) is currently considered Significantly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €220.49, compared to a current price of €137.50 — trading 37.6% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €38.46, which is 458% above median its 10-year median of 6.89. SAP SE's overall GF Score™ is 76/100. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For SAP SE (CHIX:SAPD), the current Graham Number is €38.46 as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is SAP SE (CHIX:SAPD) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, SAP SE stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €137.50 is trading 37.6% below its estimated GF Value™ of €220.49.
GuruFocus considers SAP SE to be Significantly Undervalued.
Key valuation signals for CHIX:SAPD:
Graham Number: €38.46 (458% above median its 10-year median of 6.89)
GF Value™: €220.49 vs. price of €137.50 (37.6% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the CHIX:SAPD stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Founded in Germany in 1972 by former IBM employees, SAP is the world's largest provider of enterprise application software. Known as the leader in enterprise resource planning software, SAP's portfolio also includes software for supply chain management, procurement, travel and expense management, and customer relationship management, among others. The company operates in more than 180 countries and has more than 400,000 customers, approximately 80% of which are small to medium-size enterprises.
76GF Score
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