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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-08-29), the stock price of TagMaster AB is €2.74. TagMaster AB's graham number for the quarter that ended in Jun. 2026 was €1.75. Therefore, TagMaster AB's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is 1.57.
The historical rank and industry rank for TagMaster AB's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:2I40'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.68 Med: 2.79 Max: 23.17
Current: 1.62
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of TagMaster AB was 23.17. The lowest was 0.68. And the median was 2.79.
FRA:2I40's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked better than 53.82% of 1648
companies
in the Hardware industry
Industry Median: 1.785
vs FRA:2I40: 1.62
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
TagMaster AB's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Jun. 2026 )
=
2.74
/
1.75
=
1.57
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
TagMaster AB Graham Number Related Terms
TagMaster AB Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for TagMaster AB's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:2I40 vs CSCO, MSI, HPE: Graham Number Comparison
For the Communication Equipment subindustry, TagMaster AB's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
TagMaster AB Price-to-Graham-Number vs Hardware Industry
For the Hardware industry and Technology sector, TagMaster AB's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where TagMaster AB's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
TagMaster AB (FRA:2I40) has a Graham Number of €1.75 as of Jun. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on TagMaster AB and its competitors. According to the industry distribution chart, TagMaster AB ranks #761 out of 1648 companies in the Hardware industry, placing it in the top 46.2%.
Is TagMaster AB's Graham Number too high?
TagMaster AB's current Graham Number is €1.75. Based on the distribution chart, TagMaster AB ranks #761 out of 1648 companies in the Hardware industry, which is above the industry midpoint. Overall, TagMaster AB has a GF Score™ of 89/100 and is considered Modestly Undervalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does TagMaster AB's Graham Number compare to CSCO and MSI?
According to the Hardware industry distribution chart, TagMaster AB ranks #761 out of 1648 companies for Graham Number. This puts TagMaster AB in the upper half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.79. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Hardware company?
The median Graham Number among Hardware companies is 1.79, based on 1,648 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on TagMaster AB and its competitors. For the Hardware industry, the median Graham Number is 1.79 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. TagMaster AB's current Graham Number is €1.75. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is TagMaster AB stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, TagMaster AB (FRA:2I40) is currently considered Modestly Undervalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €3.29, compared to a current price of €2.74 — trading 16.7% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €1.75. TagMaster AB's overall GF Score™ is 89/100 with 2 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For TagMaster AB (FRA:2I40), the current Graham Number is €1.75 as of Jun. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is TagMaster AB (FRA:2I40) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, TagMaster AB stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €2.74 is trading 16.7% below its estimated GF Value™ of €3.29.
GuruFocus considers TagMaster AB to be Modestly Undervalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:2I40:
Graham Number: €1.75
GF Value™: €3.29 vs. price of €2.74 (16.7% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:2I40 stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
TagMaster AB is engaged in technology business sector. The company develops and sells advanced sensor systems and solutions based on radio, radar and camera technologies. The company's products are used in the areas of parking, traffic situations, electronic toll systems, and public transport. The company operates through various business segments that are Traffic and Rail. The Traffic segment generates maximum revenue for the company. Geographically, the company offers its services to the America's, EMEA and Asia Pacific.
89GF Score
Get the complete analysis for FRA:2I40
Graham Number is just one metric. See GF Value™, 30-year financials, guru trades, warning signs, and more.
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