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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
As of today (2026-08-07), the stock price of Toyo Engineering is €10.90. Toyo Engineering's graham number for the quarter that ended in Mar. 2026 was €N/A. Therefore, Toyo Engineering's Price to Graham Number ratio for today is N/A.
The historical rank and industry rank for Toyo Engineering's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Toyo Engineering was 1.63. The lowest was 0.66. And the median was 0.97.
FRA:6AE's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Construction industry.
Industry Median: 1.02 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Toyo Engineering (FRA:6AE) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Toyo Engineering's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Mar. 2026 )
=
10.90
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Toyo Engineering Graham Number Related Terms
Toyo Engineering Graham Number Historical Data
* Premium members only.
The historical data trend for Toyo Engineering's Graham Number can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:6AE vs PWR, FIX, EME: Graham Number Comparison
For the Engineering & Construction subindustry, Toyo Engineering's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Toyo Engineering Price-to-Graham-Number vs Construction Industry
For the Construction industry and Industrials sector, Toyo Engineering's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Toyo Engineering's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Toyo Engineering (FRA:6AE) has a Graham Number of €N/A as of Mar. 2026. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Toyo Engineering and its competitors. Over the past decade, Toyo Engineering's Graham Number has ranged from 0.66 to 1.63. According to the industry distribution chart, Toyo Engineering ranks #999999 out of 1220 companies in the Construction industry.
Is Toyo Engineering's Graham Number too high?
Toyo Engineering's current Graham Number is €N/A. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.66 to a high of 1.63. Based on the distribution chart, Toyo Engineering ranks #999999 out of 1220 companies in the Construction industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers. Overall, Toyo Engineering has a GF Score™ of 49/100 and is considered Significantly Overvalued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does Toyo Engineering's Graham Number compare to PWR and FIX?
According to the Construction industry distribution chart, Toyo Engineering ranks #999999 out of 1220 companies for Graham Number. This places Toyo Engineering in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.02. Historically, Toyo Engineering's own Graham Number has ranged from 0.66 to 1.63 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Construction company?
The median Graham Number among Construction companies is 1.02, based on 1,220 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Toyo Engineering and its competitors. For the Construction industry, the median Graham Number is 1.02 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Toyo Engineering's current Graham Number is €N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Toyo Engineering stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Toyo Engineering (FRA:6AE) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €3.47, compared to a current price of €10.90 — trading 214.1% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €N/A. Toyo Engineering's overall GF Score™ is 49/100 with 6 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Toyo Engineering (FRA:6AE), the current Graham Number is €N/A as of Mar. 2026. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is Toyo Engineering (FRA:6AE) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Toyo Engineering stock appears to be overvalued.
The current stock price of €10.90 is trading 214.1% above its estimated GF Value™ of €3.47.
GuruFocus considers Toyo Engineering to be Significantly Overvalued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:6AE:
Graham Number: €N/A
GF Value™: €3.47 vs. price of €10.90 (214.1% above fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:6AE stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
Toyo Engineering Corp provides engineering and construction services for industrial facilities. It designs, procures materials, builds, and offers technical assistance for oil and gas, petrochemicals, water treatment, transportation, power generation, and other industrial markets. Project management skills partnered with technological solutions allow the company to offer customized solutions and manufacture various power plants and infrastructure projects. Toyo operates three business groups: engineering, procurement, and construction (the majority of total revenue); IT; and real estate. A global network of employees gathers data from customers, and company locations are spread across Asia, North America, and South America to collect regional information.
49GF Score
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