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Cadogan Energy SolutionsFRA:CPD -14.29% Graham Number is €N/A as of Dec. 2025. The stock has 5 warning signs investors should review. Among 609 Oil & Gas companies, Cadogan Energy Solutions ranks worse than 164203.45% on this metric.
Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for Cadogan Energy Solutions's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of Cadogan Energy Solutions was 0.15. The lowest was 0.15. And the median was 0.15.
FRA:CPD's Price-to-Graham-Number is not ranked *
in the Oil & Gas industry.
Industry Median: 1.07 * Ranked among companies with meaningful Price-to-Graham-Number only.
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
Cadogan Energy Solutions (FRA:CPD) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
Cadogan Energy Solutions's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
0.045
/
N/A
=
N/A
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
Cadogan Energy Solutions Graham Number Related Terms
Cadogan Energy Solutions Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
FRA:CPD vs COP, EOG, FANG: Graham Number Comparison
For the Oil & Gas E&P subindustry, Cadogan Energy Solutions's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Cadogan Energy Solutions Price-to-Graham-Number vs Oil & Gas Industry
For the Oil & Gas industry and Energy sector, Cadogan Energy Solutions's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Cadogan Energy Solutions's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Cadogan Energy Solutions (FRA:CPD) has a Graham Number of €N/A as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Cadogan Energy Solutions and its competitors. Over the past decade, Cadogan Energy Solutions' Graham Number has ranged from 0.15 to 0.15. According to the industry distribution chart, Cadogan Energy Solutions ranks #999999 out of 609 companies in the Oil & Gas industry.
Is Cadogan Energy Solutions' Graham Number too high?
Cadogan Energy Solutions' current Graham Number is €N/A. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.15 to a high of 0.15. Based on the distribution chart, Cadogan Energy Solutions ranks #999999 out of 609 companies in the Oil & Gas industry, which is in the bottom quartile relative to peers.
How does Cadogan Energy Solutions' Graham Number compare to COP and EOG?
According to the Oil & Gas industry distribution chart, Cadogan Energy Solutions ranks #999999 out of 609 companies for Graham Number. This places Cadogan Energy Solutions in the lower half of its industry. The industry median Graham Number is 1.07. Historically, Cadogan Energy Solutions' own Graham Number has ranged from 0.15 to 0.15 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for an Oil & Gas company?
The median Graham Number among Oil & Gas companies is 1.07, based on 609 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on Cadogan Energy Solutions and its competitors. For the Oil & Gas industry, the median Graham Number is 1.07 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. Cadogan Energy Solutions's current Graham Number is €N/A. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is Cadogan Energy Solutions stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, Cadogan Energy Solutions (FRA:CPD) is currently considered Significantly Overvalued. The stock's GF Value™ is €0.01, compared to a current price of €0.05 — trading 350% above its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €N/A. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For Cadogan Energy Solutions (FRA:CPD), the current Graham Number is €N/A as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Cadogan Energy Solutions PLC is an independent energy company, which operates an exploration and production license in Western Ukraine, conducts gas trading operations, and provides services to E&P companies. The objective of the company is to be a diversified energy group making investments offering energy solutions and alternative services with a lower environmental impact. It has two operating segments; the Exploration and Production segment includes E&P activities on the exploration and production licenses for natural gas, oil, and condensate, and the Trading segment includes the Import of natural gas from European countries and Local purchase and sales of natural gas operations with physical delivery of natural gas.
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