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Graham Number is a figure that measures a stock's fundamental value by taking into account the company's earnings per share and book value per share. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for the stock. According to the theory, any stock price below the Graham number is considered undervalued, and thus worth investing in.
The historical rank and industry rank for China Overseas Land & Investment's Graham Number or its related term are showing as below:
FRA:CPP'
s Price-to-Graham-Number Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: 0.28 Med: 0.43 Max: 0.58
Current: 0.41
During the past 13 years, the highest Price to Graham Number ratio of China Overseas Land & Investment was 0.58. The lowest was 0.28. And the median was 0.43.
FRA:CPP's Price-to-Graham-Number is ranked better than 80.75% of 1169
companies
in the Real Estate industry
Industry Median: 0.74
vs FRA:CPP: 0.41
Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation. It is a very conservative way of valuing a stock.
China Overseas Land & Investment (FRA:CPP) Graham Number Explanation
Ben Graham actually did not publish a formula like this. But he wrote in The Intelligent Investor (1948 version) regarding to the criteria for purchases:
Current price should not be more than 15 times average earnings of the past three years.
Current price should not be more than 1.5 times the book value last reported. However, a multiplier of earnings below 15 could justify a correspondingly higher multiplier of assets. As a rule of thumb we suggest that the product of the multiplier times the ratio of price to book value should not exceed 22.5. (This figure corresponds to 15 times earnings and 1.5 times book value. It would admit an issue selling at only 9 times earnings and 2.5 times asset value, etc.)
Unlike valuation methods such as DCF or Discounted Earnings, the Graham number does not take growth into the valuation. Unlike the valuation methods based on book value alone, it takes into account the earnings power. Therefore, the Graham Number is a combination of asset valuation and earnings power valuation.
In general, the Graham number is a very conservative way of valuing a stock. It cannot be applied to companies with negative book values.
China Overseas Land & Investment's Price to Graham number Ratio for today is calculated as
Price to Graham number
=
Share Price (Today)
/
Graham number (Q: Dec. 2025 )
=
1.4675
/
3.56
=
0.41
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Be Aware
Please keep these in mind:
1. Graham Number does not take growth into account. Therefore it underestimates the values of the companies that have good earnings growth. We feel that if the earnings per share grows more than 10% a year, Graham Number underestimates the value.
2. Graham Number punishes the companies that have temporarily low earnings. Therefore, an average of earnings makes more sense in the calculation of Graham Number.
3. Graham Numbers underestimates companies that are light with book.
China Overseas Land & Investment Graham Number Related Terms
China Overseas Land & Investment Graham Number Historical Data
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
China Overseas Land & Investment Graham Number Chart
China Overseas Land & Investment Graham Number Competitor Comparison
For the Real Estate - Development subindustry, China Overseas Land & Investment's Price-to-Graham-Number, along with its competitors' market caps and Price-to-Graham-Number data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
China Overseas Land & Investment Price-to-Graham-Number vs Real Estate Industry
For the Real Estate industry and Real Estate sector, China Overseas Land & Investment's Price-to-Graham-Number distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where China Overseas Land & Investment's Price-to-Graham-Number falls into.
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD. * For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
China Overseas Land & Investment (FRA:CPP) has a Graham Number of €3.56 as of Dec. 2025. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on China Overseas Land & Investment and its competitors. This is 728% above median its historical median of 0.43. Over the past decade, China Overseas Land & Investment's Graham Number has ranged from 0.28 to 0.58. According to the industry distribution chart, China Overseas Land & Investment ranks #225 out of 1169 companies in the Real Estate industry, placing it in the top 19.2%.
Is China Overseas Land & Investment's Graham Number too high?
China Overseas Land & Investment's current Graham Number of €3.56 is 728% above median its 10-year median of 0.43. Over the past 10 years, this metric has ranged from a low of 0.28 to a high of 0.58. Based on the distribution chart, China Overseas Land & Investment ranks #225 out of 1169 companies in the Real Estate industry, which is in the top quartile — a strong position relative to peers. Overall, China Overseas Land & Investment has a GF Score™ of 82/100 and is considered Fairly Valued, reflecting its overall financial health beyond just this single metric.
How does China Overseas Land & Investment's Graham Number compare to competitors?
According to the Real Estate industry distribution chart, China Overseas Land & Investment ranks #225 out of 1169 companies for Graham Number. This places China Overseas Land & Investment in the top 19% of its industry — outperforming the majority of peers. The industry median Graham Number is 0.74. Historically, China Overseas Land & Investment's own Graham Number has ranged from 0.28 to 0.58 over the past decade. See the competitive comparison table and distribution chart on this page for a detailed peer-by-peer breakdown.
What is a good Graham Number for a Real Estate company?
The median Graham Number among Real Estate companies is 0.74, based on 1,169 companies in the industry. Companies in the top quartile (top 25%) have a Graham Number significantly above this median, while those in the bottom quartile fall well below. However, Graham Number should not be evaluated in isolation — investors should consider it alongside profitability, growth, and financial strength metrics. Use the industry distribution chart on this page to see where any company falls relative to its peers.
What does a high Graham Number mean?
A high Graham Number can signal that a stock is expensive relative to its fundamentals. The Graham Number values a company based on its per-share earnings and book value. View historical data on China Overseas Land & Investment and its competitors. For the Real Estate industry, the median Graham Number is 0.74 — values significantly above this may indicate overvaluation, while values below may suggest a bargain or underlying issues. China Overseas Land & Investment's current Graham Number is €3.56, which is 728% above median its own 10-year median of 0.43. However, context matters — high-growth companies often justify higher valuations. Always evaluate alongside other metrics like GF Score™ and GF Value™.
Is China Overseas Land & Investment stock overvalued right now?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, China Overseas Land & Investment (FRA:CPP) is currently considered Fairly Valued. The stock's GF Value™ is €1.47, compared to a current price of €1.47 — trading 0.2% below its estimated fair value. The current Graham Number is €3.56, which is 728% above median its 10-year median of 0.43. China Overseas Land & Investment's overall GF Score™ is 82/100 with 5 warning signs to review. Investors should evaluate multiple metrics — including profitability, growth, and financial strength — before making a decision.
How is Graham Number calculated?
Graham Number is calculated from a company's financial statements. For China Overseas Land & Investment (FRA:CPP), the current Graham Number is €3.56 as of Dec. 2025. GuruFocus calculates this using data sourced from SEC filings and annual reports. See the calculation section and 30-year financial data on this page for the full breakdown.
Is China Overseas Land & Investment (FRA:CPP) Overvalued in 2026?
Based on GuruFocus' analysis, China Overseas Land & Investment stock appears to be undervalued.
The current stock price of €1.47 is trading 0.2% below its estimated GF Value™ of €1.47.
GuruFocus considers China Overseas Land & Investment to be Fairly Valued.
Key valuation signals for FRA:CPP:
Graham Number: €3.56 (728% above median its 10-year median of 0.43)
GF Value™: €1.47 vs. price of €1.47 (0.2% below fair value)
No single metric tells the full story. See the FRA:CPP stock analysis page for a complete view including 30-year financials, guru trades, and insider activity.
China Overseas Land & Investment Business Description
China Overseas Land & Investment is a large real estate developer in China. Property development accounts for most of the earnings, with property sales scale among the top five of all peers regarding contracted sales. In addition to property development, COLI has actively grown its commercial property portfolio, with a dual focus on offices and shopping malls for recurring income. COLI is a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering, China's largest construction firm. It also holds about a 40% stake in China Overseas Grand Oceans, a real estate developer focusing on lower-tier cities in China.
82GF Score
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